{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:15:58Z","timestamp":1783055758345,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nucleotide repeat expansion disorders constitute a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases, pathologically characterized by the misfolding, aggregation, and accumulation of proteins. The expanded GGC repeats in the 5\u2032 untranslated region (5\u2019UTR) of the\n                      <jats:italic>NOTCH2NLC<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene translate into uN2CpolyG, a toxic polyglycine protein that leads to neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). However, the precise composition of uN2CpolyG and its pathogenic mechanisms remain fully unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the proteomic profile of uN2CpolyG and explore the novel neuropathology in NIID patients, which may underlie the disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mass spectrometry analysis was performed on purified intranuclear inclusions to investigate the proteomic profile. Three patients with genetically confirmed NIID were enrolled; two participants underwent skin biopsy, and one underwent brain autopsy. Skin and brain tissues derived from these patients were used to examine\n                      <jats:italic>NOTCH2NLC<\/jats:italic>\n                      -related pathological changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A group of enriched proteins interacting with uN2CpolyG were identified, characterized by significant intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Among these, we detected the co-localization of uN2CpolyG with PML and FUS in notably distinct patterns, causing significant DNA damage and impaired stress response. Furthermore, FUS- and PML-positive inclusions were confirmed in NIID patients\u2019 tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide novel insights into the proteomic profile and neuropathology of NIID, potentially enlightening the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for protein aggregation-related neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1827292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:20:57Z","timestamp":1783052457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel proteomics and neuropathology of NOTCH2NLC-related neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Feixia","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiya","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiewei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Neurological Disorder Center, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Neurological Disorder Center, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven X.","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Neurological Disorder Center, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","place":["Haikou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Rare Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform","place":["Shanghai, China"]},{"name":"Neurological Disorder Center, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","place":["Haikou, 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