{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:10:37Z","timestamp":1784268637217,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive decline and dementia even in the absence of clinical stroke, potentially through mechanisms such as silent infarction, small-vessel disease, hypoperfusion, and systemic inflammation. However, most previous studies have focused on global brain measures, and little is known about region-specific structural alterations, particularly within deep gray-matter structures and hippocampal subfields. Evidence regarding atrial flutter (AFL) remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between AF\/AFL and regional brain and hippocampal subfield volumes in cognitively normal older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis included 7,074 community-dwelling participants aged \u226565 years from the Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD). Structural magnetic resonance imaging with 3D T1-weighted images was processed using FreeSurfer 7.0. Volumes of the cortex, cortical white matter, subcortical gray matter, eight regional brain areas, and hippocampal subfields were evaluated. AF\/AFL was identified using electrocardiography. Adjusted mean regional brain volumes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using analysis of covariance. The false discovery rate was controlled using the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg method. Additional exploratory analyses based on self-reported AF history were also performed. Stratified analyses were performed by age (&amp;lt;75 vs. \u226575 years) and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After multivariable adjustment, AF\/AFL (171 participants, 2.4%) was associated with smaller volumes of the cortex, cortical white matter, and subcortical gray matter. Among regional structures, AF\/AFL was significantly associated with smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes. At the hippocampal subfield level, reduced fimbria, dentate gyrus, CA1, and subiculum volumes were observed. Analyses based on self-reported history of AF did not demonstrate significant associations with any brain regions. In stratified analyses, participants aged &amp;lt;75 years showed a trend toward smaller hippocampal-tail volume with a significant interaction effect, whereas women exhibited smaller hippocampal volume without a significant sex interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large community-based sample of cognitively normal older adults, AF\/AFL was associated with widespread structural brain alterations and selective vulnerability in memory-related regions, including the hippocampus and amygdala, as well as specific hippocampal subfields. These findings suggest that AF\/AFL may be associated with region-specific brain vulnerability before the onset of clinically apparent cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1848538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:43:58Z","timestamp":1784267038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atrial fibrillation\/atrial flutter and reduced volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus: evidence from a community-based MRI study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ayano","family":"Shima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences","place":["Kanazawa, 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