{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:10:36Z","timestamp":1788952236150,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although sleep disturbances are increasingly associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), the mechanistic interplay between sleep physiology, neuroinflammation and AD-related pathology is not fully understood. The question of whether disrupted sleep contributes to neurodegeneration or merely reflects early pathological processes is still being debated. In accordance with PRISMA-2020 guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to synthesize the current evidence linking objectively measured sleep alterations, glial activation and AD-related outcomes. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science (January 2000 \u2013 June 2026) identified 40 original studies that met the predefined inclusion criteria. These studies included objective sleep assessments (polysomnography, electroencephalography, actigraphy, or experimental sleep manipulation), direct evaluations of neuroinflammatory or glial markers, and assessments of amyloid-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A\u03b2), tau pathology, neurodegeneration and cognition. Human studies indicate that slow-wave sleep impairment, sleep fragmentation, and REM sleep dysregulation are linked to neuroinflammation and AD-related pathology. Further mechanistic insights come from experimental animal and translational studies, which show that sleep deprivation or disruption may enhance microglial activation, astrocytic reactivity, and the accumulation of AD-related proteins. However, limited prior work has integrated evidence from sleep physiology, central neuroinflammatory measures, and multimodal AD biomarkers in humans. The available evidence supports a biologically plausible, potentially bidirectional relationship between sleep disruption and AD pathology, while highlighting important gaps in translation. Further longitudinal and interventional investigations are required to clarify causality and determine whether targeting sleep physiology could meaningfully influence disease trajectories.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1854872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:17:08Z","timestamp":1788949028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleep\u2013neuroinflammation interactions in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of biomarker pathways"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cordella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, R\u00e9gional Hospital of Lugano","place":["Lugano, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina","family":"Bruschetti-Thomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Hospital of Lugano, Internal Medicina","place":["Lugano, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, R\u00e9gional Hospital of Lugano","place":["Lugano, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland","place":["Lugano, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed","place":["Pozzilli, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-022-06471-y","article-title":"The role of sleep deprivation in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease-like sporadic dementia in rats with respect to the serum level of oxidative and inflammatory markers","volume":"240","author":"Arjmandi-Rad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. 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