{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:34:06Z","timestamp":1793043246400,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over 95% of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is caused by a complex mixture of genetic and environmental factors. This is called sporadic AD or late-onset AD, and much of its pathological mechanisms remain unclear. There is growing evidence indicating that the viral infection, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), triggers and worsens the AD progression in combination with the APOE4 genotype in AD patients. The innate immunity of host cells produces proinflammatory cytokines, which further drive neuroinflammation in the brain. Concurrently, A\u03b2 and phosphorylated tau could entrap foreign pathogens such as HSV-1 according to the \u201cantimicrobial protection hypothesis of AD,\u201d and accelerate the progression of AD. In this review, growing evidence ranging from HSV-1 infection to the AD progression via the accumulation of A\u03b2 and tau, and neuroinflammation is explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1858017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T11:54:22Z","timestamp":1787226862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Herpes simplex virus infection and Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ji-Yeun","family":"Hur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150464","article-title":"Lack of evidence for a role of HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"49","author":"Agostini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00796.x","article-title":"The influence of latent viral infection on rate of cognitive decline over 4 years","volume":"54","author":"Aiello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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