{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:06:11Z","timestamp":1787846771083,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Turning is a complex locomotor task that can accentuate gait impairments and precipitate freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). However, gait-derived spatiotemporal parameters during inter-episodic turning remain incompletely characterized. We compared turning-related gait patterns among healthy older adults, patients with PD without FOG, and patients with PD and a history of FOG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten healthy older controls, 10 patients with PD without FOG (PD-P), and 10 patients with PD and FOG (FOG-P) performed 90\u00b0, 180\u00b0, and 360\u00b0 turns while undergoing optical motion capture. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were analyzed using Bayesian generalized linear models. Trials containing observable FOG episodes were excluded; consequently, the analyses represent inter-episodic turning rather than freezing episodes themselves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with controls, PD-P participants demonstrated reduced stride width of the internal leg and increased stride width of the external leg, whereas FOG-P participants demonstrated shorter step and stride lengths. Both PD groups predominantly used step-out or mixed turning strategies and required more time and steps to complete larger-amplitude turns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gait-derived spatial parameters during turning differed between the PD groups. PD-P participants showed more pronounced mediolateral foot-placement differences, whereas FOG-P participants showed more pronounced reductions in anteroposterior step and stride length. Because the groups differed in overall motor severity and the analyses were intentionally restricted to inter-episodic turning, these findings should be interpreted as descriptive turning gait patterns in patients with a history of FOG rather than as evidence of FOG-specific mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1878271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:18:13Z","timestamp":1786342693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatiotemporal gait parameters during turning differ in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with and without freezing of gait"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Julian","family":"Madrid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Ulrich-Ischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Swiss BioMotion Lab, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mischa","family":"Selig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg","place":["Freiburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte M.","family":"Jolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Swiss BioMotion Lab, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Swiss BioMotion Lab, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland"]},{"name":"The Sense Innovation and Research Center","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Benninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Service of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne","place":["Lausanne, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Reha Rheinfelden","place":["Rheinfelden, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2019.22360","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: a review","volume":"323","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PARKRELDIS.2012.09.006","article-title":"Dynamics of turning sharpness influences freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. 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