{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:01:16Z","timestamp":1790596876680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":274,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>As primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia maintain immune surveillance, inflammation regulation, cell interactions and debris clearance. These dynamic and adaptive effector functions are reciprocally sustained by microglial metabolism. Lipids are emerging as a key programmer of microglial metabolic and functional flexibility in conditions of homeostasis, cellular stress, and pathology. The delicate equilibrium in microglial lipid homeostasis is dependent on the integrated activity of all cellular components, including the lysosome-lipophagy pathway. Continuous adaptations in microglial metabolism contribute to a cumulative imbalance between lysosomal network capacity and the efficacy of lipid turnover in aged microglia. The disequilibrium contributes to microglial fatigue and detrimental homeostatic activity associated with aging. Lipid droplet-accumulating microglia (LDAM) emerged as an age-associated example of these lysosome-lipid flux alterations. While characterized by dysregulated phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory intercellular signaling, the role of LDAM in the contexts of neuroplasticity, aging-related cognitive decline and frailty remains undetermined. This review discusses the immunometabolic profile of aging LDAM and their interactions with neurons and synapses, highlighting the impact of intercellular lipid signaling route.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1884230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:31:37Z","timestamp":1790595097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dysfunction of lipid metabolism and lysosomal capacity: at the core of microglial aging?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"\u0160imon\u010di\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Victoria","place":["Victoria, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-\u00c8ve","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Victoria","place":["Victoria, BC, Canada"]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC) and Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria","place":["Victoria, BC, Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia","place":["Vancouver, BC, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-026-03505-7","article-title":"TREM2 in neurodegeneration and diseases.","volume":"31","author":"Abdulkhaliq","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26770","article-title":"Ferroptosis of microglia in aging human white matter injury.","volume":"94","author":"Adeniyi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00030-7","article-title":"The DDHD2-STXBP1 interaction mediates long-term memory via generation of saturated free fatty acids.","volume":"43","author":"Akefe","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00444","article-title":"Age-Related changes in the gut microbiota modify brain lipid composition.","volume":"9","author":"Albouery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.010","article-title":"Molecular and spatial signatures of mouse brain aging at single-cell resolution.","volume":"186","author":"Allen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109879","article-title":"Genetic defects in the sphingolipid degradation pathway and their effects on microglia in neurodegenerative disease.","volume":"78","author":"Allende","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107145","article-title":"ACSL1 is a key regulator of inflammatory and macrophage foaming induced by short-term palmitate exposure or acute high-fat feeding.","volume":"26","author":"Al-Rashed","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04775-y","article-title":"Aging microglia.","volume":"80","author":"Antignano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17175","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202217175","article-title":"Aged lipid-laden microglia display impaired responses to stroke.","volume":"15","author":"Arbaizar-Rovirosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2022.2158081","article-title":"High levels of HDAC expression correlate with microglial aging.","volume":"26","author":"Auzmendi-Iriarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14564","article-title":"Lysosome biogenesis in health and disease.","volume":"148","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15131159","article-title":"Human microglial molecular alterations in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"15","author":"Baldo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctm.2024.07.001","article-title":"Lysosomal membrane contact sites: Integrative hubs for cellular communication and homeostasis.","volume":"93","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Membr."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70486","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70486","article-title":"Loss of lysosomal acid lipase contributes to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology and cognitive decline.","volume":"21","author":"Barnett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106170","article-title":"Targeting lysosomal acidification to restore microglial homeostasis and mitigate memory decline during male brain ageing.","volume":"131","author":"Barrella","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.084","article-title":"The hippocampus in aging and disease: From plasticity to vulnerability.","volume":"309","author":"Bartsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70772","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70772","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013associated PLCG2 variants alter microglial state and function in human induced pluripotent stem cell\u2013derived microglia-like cells.","volume":"21","author":"Bedford","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.240093.118","article-title":"Remodeling of epigenome and transcriptome landscapes with aging in mice reveals widespread induction of inflammatory responses.","volume":"29","author":"Benayoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2017.02.012","article-title":"mTORC1 signaling and the metabolic control of cell growth.","volume":"45","author":"Ben-Sahra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb5077","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb5077","article-title":"Microglial autophagy-associated phagocytosis is essential for recovery from neuroinflammation.","volume":"5","author":"Berglund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0289fje","article-title":"Inhibition of the ATP-driven proton pump in RPE lysosomes by the major lipofuscin fluorophore A2-E may contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.","volume":"18","author":"Bergmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e082840","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.082840","article-title":"mTOR signaling regulates microglia metabolism and survival via 4E-BP-controlled mRNA translation.","volume":"19","author":"Bermudez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.08.008","article-title":"Immunometabolism in the brain: How metabolism shapes microglial function.","volume":"43","author":"Bernier","year":"","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15267-z","article-title":"Microglial metabolic flexibility supports immune surveillance of the brain parenchyma.","volume":"11","author":"Bernier","year":"","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.04.030","article-title":"The effects of aging in the hippocampus and cognitive decline.","volume":"79","author":"Bettio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-8-23","article-title":"The synaptic maintenance problem: Membrane recycling, Ca2+homeostasis and late onset degeneration.","volume":"8","author":"Bezprozvanny","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegenerat."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584303","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.584303","article-title":"Liver X receptors: Regulators of cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer.","volume":"11","author":"Bilotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22966","article-title":"Dark microglia: A new phenotype predominantly associated with pathological states.","volume":"64","author":"Bisht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2427","article-title":"Hypoxic gene activation by lipopolysaccharide in macrophages: Implication of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha.","volume":"103","author":"Blouin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20191660","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20191660","article-title":"Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 impairs the reparative properties of macrophages and microglia in the brain.","volume":"217","author":"Bogie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0780-7","article-title":"Differential expression of E-type prostanoid receptors 2 and 4 in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.","volume":"14","author":"Bonfill-Teixidor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00992-2","article-title":"Single-cell mass cytometry of microglia in major depressive disorder reveals a non-inflammatory phenotype with increased homeostatic marker expression.","volume":"10","author":"B\u00f6ttcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18699","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.798413","article-title":"Shedding of membrane-associated LDL receptor-related protein-1 from microglia amplifies and sustains neuroinflammation.","volume":"292","author":"Brifault","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.06.046","article-title":"Endolysosomes are the principal intracellular sites of acid hydrolase activity.","volume":"26","author":"Bright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57495","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57495","article-title":"Differential accumulation of storage bodies with aging defines discrete subsets of microglia in the healthy brain.","volume":"9","author":"Burns","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12889","article-title":"Deacidification of endolysosomes by neuronal aging drives synapse loss.","volume":"24","author":"Burrinha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.10.006","article-title":"Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-gamma differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem\/progenitor cells.","volume":"31","author":"Butovsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3834","article-title":"The TSC-mTOR pathway regulates macrophage polarization.","volume":"4","author":"Byles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20230173","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230173","article-title":"Loss of ATG7 in microglia impairs UPR, triggers ferroptosis, and weakens amyloid pathology control.","volume":"222","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4183","article-title":"Defective cholesterol clearance limits remyelination in the aged central nervous system.","volume":"359","author":"Cantuti-Castelvetri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.04.009","article-title":"The crucial impact of lysosomes in aging and longevity.","volume":"32","author":"Carmona-Gutierrez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-025-01564-y","article-title":"The hallmarks of ageing in microglia.","volume":"45","author":"Carr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1602","article-title":"Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 suppresses lipolysis, stimulates lipogenesis, and promotes fat storage.","volume":"59","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20192","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.107854","article-title":"Efficient phagocytosis requires triacylglycerol hydrolysis by adipose triglyceride lipase.","volume":"285","author":"Chandak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25130","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001914200","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species generated at mitochondrial complex III stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha during hypoxia: A mechanism of O2 sensing.","volume":"275","author":"Chandel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14172","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14172","article-title":"Exercise rejuvenates microglia and reverses T cell accumulation in the aged female mouse brain.","volume":"23","author":"Chauquet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02187-y","article-title":"Early glycolytic reprogramming controls microglial inflammatory activation.","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250684","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1250684","article-title":"mTOR- and HIF-1\u03b1-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity.","volume":"345","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3003426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003426","article-title":"Disease-associated microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: Friend or foe?","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00647-0","article-title":"Lipid fuel for hungry-angry microglia.","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01158-0","article-title":"Autophagy enables microglia to engage amyloid plaques and prevents microglial senescence.","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1609896113","article-title":"Novel allele-dependent role for APOE in controlling the rate of synapse pruning by astrocytes.","volume":"113","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010137","article-title":"Microglia mediated neuroinflammation: Focus on PI3K modulation.","volume":"10","author":"Cianciulli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00473-0","article-title":"Plaque-associated human microglia accumulate lipid droplets in a chimeric model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"16","author":"Claes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegenerat."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30784","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204463200","article-title":"Ceramide mediates age-associated increase in macrophage Cyclooxygenase-2 expression.","volume":"277","author":"Claycombe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.05.004","article-title":"Disorders of lysosomal acidification-The emerging role of v-ATPase in aging and neurodegenerative disease.","volume":"32","author":"Colacurcio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21428-5","article-title":"Loss of NPC1 enhances phagocytic uptake and impairs lipid trafficking in microglia.","volume":"12","author":"Colombo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060301","article-title":"Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor.","volume":"6","author":"Copp\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64354-4","article-title":"CD36, a class b scavenger receptor, is expressed on microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains and can mediate production of reactive oxygen species in response to \u03b2-Amyloid fibrils.","volume":"160","author":"Coraci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111512","article-title":"The old guard: Age-related changes in microglia and their consequences.","volume":"197","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11612","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.11612","article-title":"Akt-mTORC1 signaling regulates Acly to integrate metabolic input to control of macrophage activation.","volume":"5","author":"Covarrubias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-179","article-title":"Extensive innate immune gene activation accompanies brain aging, increasing vulnerability to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration: A microarray study.","volume":"9","author":"Cribbs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01633-7","article-title":"Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase reduces reactive astrocyte secretion of mitotoxic extracellular vesicles and improves Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in the 5xFAD mouse.","volume":"11","author":"Crivelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.05.006","article-title":"Autophagy and the immune function in aging.","volume":"29","author":"Cuervo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305799101","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"101","author":"Cutler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.02.016","article-title":"Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 regulate microglia function during development, homeostasis, and neurodegeneration in a context-dependent manner.","volume":"48","author":"Datta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1472","article-title":"ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo.","volume":"8","author":"Davalos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107692","article-title":"Macrophages use distinct actin regulators to switch engulfment strategies and ensure phagocytic plasticity In Vivo.","volume":"31","author":"Davidson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107539","article-title":"A dynamic actin cytoskeleton is required to prevent constitutive VDAC-dependent MAPK signalling and aberrant lipid homeostasis.","volume":"26","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00499","article-title":"Lipid bodies as sites of prostaglandin E2 synthesis during chagas disease: Impact in the parasite escape mechanism.","volume":"9","author":"de Almeida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.11.007","article-title":"APOE2, E3, and E4 differentially modulate cellular homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammatory response in isogenic iPSC-derived astrocytes.","volume":"17","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01353-3","article-title":"White matter lipid alterations during aging in the rhesus monkey brain.","volume":"47","author":"Dimovasili","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079977","article-title":"Early decline in glucose transport and metabolism precedes shift to ketogenic system in female aging and Alzheimer\u2019s mouse brain: Implication for bioenergetic intervention.","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515787","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1515787","article-title":"Histone deacetylases: The critical enzymes for microglial activation involved in neuropathic pain.","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbas.2025.100148","article-title":"Lipofuscin autofluorescence confounds intracellular amyloid \u03b2 detection in the aged mouse brain.","volume":"8","author":"Dougnon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Brain"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12832","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12832","article-title":"Replacement of microglia in the aged brain reverses cognitive, synaptic, and neuronal deficits in mice.","volume":"17","author":"Elmore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-02-0103","article-title":"Disturbed cholesterol traffic but normal proteolytic function in LAMP-1\/LAMP-2 double-deficient fibroblasts.","volume":"15","author":"Eskelinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68706-8","article-title":"TREM2 expression level is critical for microglial state, metabolic capacity and efficacy of TREM2 agonism.","volume":"17","author":"Feiten","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108132","article-title":"Cell-Type- and brain-region-resolved mouse brain lipidome.","volume":"32","author":"Fitzner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17630","article-title":"TAM receptors regulate multiple features of microglial physiology.","volume":"532","author":"Fourgeaud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: A new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases.","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24419","article-title":"Microglial phagocytosis in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"98","author":"Gaband\u00e9-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4597","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of purified human cortical microglia reveals age-associated changes.","volume":"20","author":"Galatro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e167501","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI167501","article-title":"Complement C3aR depletion reverses HIF-1\u03b1\u2013induced metabolic impairment and enhances microglial response to A\u03b2 pathology.","volume":"133","author":"Gedam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.09.006","article-title":"Ketogenic diet changes microglial morphology and the hippocampal lipidomic profile differently in stress susceptible versus resistant male mice upon repeated social defeat.","volume":"114","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.010","article-title":"Loss of brain aerobic glycolysis in normal human aging.","volume":"26","author":"Goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4222","article-title":"Microglial brain region-dependent diversity and selective regional sensitivities to aging.","volume":"19","author":"Grabert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121977","article-title":"Age-Related lysosomal dysfunctions.","volume":"11","author":"Guerrero-Navarro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09987-9","article-title":"Ageing promotes microglial accumulation of slow-degrading synaptic proteins.","volume":"650","author":"Guldner","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1747-1","article-title":"Microglia contribute to normal myelinogenesis and to oligodendrocyte progenitor maintenance during adulthood.","volume":"134","author":"Hagemeyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.027","article-title":"Atlas of the aging mouse brain reveals white matter as vulnerable foci.","volume":"186","author":"Hahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.004","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA sequencing of microglia throughout the mouse lifespan and in the injured brain reveals complex cell-state changes.","volume":"50","author":"Hammond","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03517-0","article-title":"Activated TBK1 promotes ACSL1-mediated microglia lipid droplet accumulation and neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109231","article-title":"Activation of TREM2 attenuates neuroinflammation via PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway to improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice.","volume":"219","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07185-7","article-title":"APOE4\/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer\u2019s disease microglia.","volume":"628","author":"Haney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1997","article-title":"Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain.","volume":"10","author":"Hanisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R120000800","article-title":"Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes.","volume":"61","author":"Harayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08221","article-title":"Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice.","volume":"460","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.11.006","article-title":"Age related changes in microglial phenotype vary between CNS regions: Grey versus white matter differences.","volume":"26","author":"Hart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01568-1","article-title":"A neuron\u2013glia lipid metabolic cycle couples daily sleep to mitochondrial homeostasis.","volume":"27","author":"Haynes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22047","article-title":"Targeting lysosomal quality control as a therapeutic strategy against aging and diseases.","volume":"44","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502562","article-title":"MerTK is a functional regulator of myelin phagocytosis by human myeloid cells.","volume":"196","author":"Healy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12149","article-title":"Homeostatic and injury-induced microglia behavior in the aging brain.","volume":"13","author":"Hefendehl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41197","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407962200","article-title":"Deficiency of ABCA1 impairs apolipoprotein E metabolism in brain.","volume":"279","author":"Hirsch-Reinshagen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2008.07.016","article-title":"Coordination of inflammation and metabolism by PPAR and LXR nuclear receptors.","volume":"18","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040647","article-title":"Lipid droplets: Formation, degradation, and their role in cellular responses to flavivirus infections.","volume":"12","author":"Hsia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2351-4","article-title":"The role of lipid bodies in the microglial aging process and related diseases.","volume":"42","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23760","article-title":"mTOR-mediated metabolic reprogramming shapes distinct microglia functions in response to lipopolysaccharide and ATP.","volume":"68","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-026-03782-7","article-title":"Lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolysis drives white matter repair by reprogramming microglia into a novel reparative state.","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-026-01815-5","article-title":"PLIN2-PGAM5-regulated lipid droplet-mitochondria contacts drive microglial neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury via fatty acid metabolic reprogramming.","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052925","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1052925","article-title":"Microglial immune regulation by epigenetic reprogramming through histone H3K27 acetylation in neuroinflammation.","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601511","article-title":"LAMP proteins are required for fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes.","volume":"26","author":"Huynh","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47610-w","article-title":"Miltefosine increases macrophage cholesterol release and inhibits NLRP3-inflammasome assembly and IL-1\u03b2 release.","volume":"9","author":"Iacano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.001","article-title":"Neuron-Astrocyte metabolic coupling protects against activity-induced fatty acid toxicity.","volume":"177","author":"Ioannou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.22-71","article-title":"Microglial inflammatory reactions regulated by oxidative stress.","volume":"72","author":"Ishihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.011","article-title":"Profiling of purified autophagic vesicle degradome in the maturing and aging brain.","volume":"111","author":"Kallergi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.01.018","article-title":"ABCA1 influences neuroinflammation and neuronal death.","volume":"54","author":"Karasinska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e132727","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI132727","article-title":"mTOR-dependent translation amplifies microglia priming in aging mice.","volume":"131","author":"Keane","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","article-title":"A unique microglia type associated with restricting development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"169","author":"Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadw0128","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw0128","article-title":"Cytoskeletal control in adult microglia is essential to restore neurodevelopmental synaptic and cognitive deficits.","volume":"11","author":"Kessels","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00799-6","article-title":"Sex-specific and cell-type-specific changes in chaperone-mediated autophagy across tissues during aging.","volume":"5","author":"Khawaja","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2017.04.004","article-title":"TREM2-Ligand Interactions in Health and Disease.","volume":"429","author":"Kober","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.08.008","article-title":"The TREM2-APOE pathway drives the transcriptional phenotype of dysfunctional microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"47","author":"Krasemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01321-x","article-title":"Triglycerides are an important fuel reserve for synapse function in the brain.","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9070782","article-title":"The importance of lipoprotein lipase regulation in atherosclerosis.","volume":"9","author":"Kumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00493","article-title":"Metabolic reprograming of microglia in the regulation of the innate inflammatory response.","volume":"11","author":"Lauro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.11.009","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling rewires macrophage metabolism and promotes histone acetylation via ATP-Citrate lyase.","volume":"51","author":"Lauterbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999061","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.999061","article-title":"PLC\u03b32 impacts microglia-related effectors revealing variants and pathways important in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1159\/000341460","article-title":"Oxidative stress triggers Ca2+-dependent lysosome trafficking and activation of acid sphingomyelinase.","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00479-x","article-title":"Transcriptional and epigenetic decoding of the microglial aging process.","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.03.014","article-title":"Microglial lipid droplet accumulation in tauopathy brain is regulated by neuronal AMPK.","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18257","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18257","article-title":"Huayu Qutan Recipe promotes lipophagy and cholesterol efflux through the mTORC1\/TFEB\/ABCA1-SCARB1 signal axis.","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719807","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.719807","article-title":"Targeting microglial \u03b1-Synuclein\/TLRs\/NF-kappaB\/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159610","article-title":"Cytoskeleton regulates lipid droplet fusion and lipid storage by controlling lipid droplet movement.","volume":"1870","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100133","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1100133","article-title":"Role of microglia autophagy and mitophagy in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3655","article-title":"Chronic signaling via the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1 induces macrophage granuloma formation and marks sarcoidosis progression.","volume":"18","author":"Linke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14164","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009485107","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis reveals mechanisms modulating autophagy in normal brain aging and in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"107","author":"Lipinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.002","article-title":"Rescue of a lysosomal storage disorder caused by Grn loss-of-function with a brain penetrant progranulin biologic.","volume":"184","author":"Logan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61894-9","article-title":"Senescence-associated lysosomal dysfunction impairs cystine deprivation-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.","volume":"16","author":"Loo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00393","article-title":"Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in microglia.","volume":"11","author":"Loving","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020198","article-title":"Lipoprotein lipase regulates microglial lipid droplet accumulation.","volume":"10","author":"Loving","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.06.046","article-title":"Microglial Beclin 1 regulates retromer trafficking and phagocytosis and is impaired in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"79","author":"Lucin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19861-z","article-title":"Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the mouse developing brain.","volume":"11","author":"Madore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.18.676800","article-title":"Metabolic and transcriptional adaptations to phagocytosis sustain microglia functionality and regenerative properties.","author":"Marquez-Ropero","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv [Preprint]"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0566-1","article-title":"Lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia represent a dysfunctional and proinflammatory state in the aging brain.","volume":"23","author":"Marschallinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13668-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease.","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Reyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.10-116s","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in progranulin expression in the mouse brain.","volume":"57","author":"Matsuwaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2009.41.2.015","article-title":"High glucose, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids differentially regulate expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 in human macrophages.","volume":"41","author":"Mauerer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07231-0","article-title":"Unravelling neuronal and glial differences in ceramide composition, synthesis, and sensitivity to toxicity.","volume":"7","author":"McInnis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.012","article-title":"Exercise-induced re-programming of age-related metabolic changes in microglia is accompanied by a reduction in senescent cells.","volume":"87","author":"Mela","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155411404073","article-title":"Lipid bodies in inflammatory cells: Structure, function, and current imaging techniques.","volume":"59","author":"Melo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.TR119000468","article-title":"Lipid rafts in glial cells: Role in neuroinflammation and pain processing.","volume":"61","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03160-0","article-title":"Restoring metabolism of myeloid cells reverses cognitive decline in ageing.","volume":"590","author":"Minhas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0255-3","article-title":"Macrophage de novo NAD+ synthesis specifies immune function in aging and inflammation.","volume":"20","author":"Minhas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190597","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190597","article-title":"Lipid droplet density alters the early innate immune response to viral infection.","volume":"13","author":"Monson","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05648-2","article-title":"Microglia regulate myelin clearance and cholesterol metabolism after demyelination via interferon regulatory factor 5.","volume":"82","author":"Montilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00464","article-title":"An overview of the role of lipofuscin in age-related neurodegeneration.","volume":"12","author":"Moreno-Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.105743","article-title":"Impaired lysosomal acidity maintenance in acid lipase-deficient cells leads to defective autophagy.","volume":"300","author":"Moriwaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3200","article-title":"The ageing cortical synapse: Hallmarks and implications for cognitive decline.","volume":"13","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050804","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids drive lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis.","volume":"12","author":"Mortensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2014.01.008","article-title":"Microglial dysfunction in brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"88","author":"Mosher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02203-w","article-title":"Spatial proteomics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013specific human microglial states.","volume":"26","author":"Mrdjen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphys.2025.100166","article-title":"The senescent synapse: A look at autophagy, calcium handling, and mitochondrial bioenergetics at the synapse in ageing and Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"8","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Physiol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23587","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced alteration of mitochondrial morphology induces a metabolic shift in microglia modulating the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo.","volume":"67","author":"Nair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02978-5","article-title":"Central activation of the fatty acid sensor GPR120 suppresses microglia reactivity and alleviates sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors.","volume":"20","author":"Nakajima","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.050","article-title":"Microglial remodeling of the extracellular matrix promotes synapse plasticity.","volume":"182","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","article-title":"Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo.","volume":"308","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107552","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.107552","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of immune memory and function of microglia.","volume":"14","author":"Nirakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-1072","article-title":"Prostaglandin PGE2 receptor EP4 regulates microglial phagocytosis and increases susceptibility to diet-induced obesity.","volume":"72","author":"Niraula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.185","article-title":"Microglia priming with aging and stress.","volume":"42","author":"Niraula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.007","article-title":"TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge.","volume":"105","author":"Nugent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0636-8","article-title":"Forced turnover of aged microglia induces an intermediate phenotype but does not rebalance CNS environmental cues driving priming to immune challenge.","volume":"6","author":"O\u2019Neil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48734-y","article-title":"Lipidome atlas of the adult human brain.","volume":"15","author":"Osetrova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00129","article-title":"Fractalkine regulation of microglial physiology and consequences on the brain and behavior.","volume":"8","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202529","article-title":"Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development.","volume":"333","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-998","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17196.1","article-title":"mTOR as a central regulator of lifespan and aging.","volume":"8","author":"Papadopoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.12.020","article-title":"Immune dysregulation and cognitive vulnerability in the aging brain: Interactions of microglia, IL-1\u03b2, BDNF and synaptic plasticity.","volume":"96","author":"Patterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03173-w","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 activation ameliorates cognitive impairment and chronic microglial activation in the aftermath of r-mTBI.","volume":"21","author":"Pearson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4MR0119-035R","article-title":"Fat, fight, and beyond: The multiple roles of lipid droplets in infections and inflammation.","volume":"106","author":"Pereira-Dutra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.036665","article-title":"Ageing and the brain.","volume":"82","author":"Peters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20772","article-title":"Low density lipoprotein receptors regulate microglial inflammation through C-Jun N-terminal kinase.","volume":"57","author":"Pocivavsek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77983","article-title":"TREM2 sustains microglial expansion during aging and response to demyelination.","volume":"125","author":"Poliani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03588-z","article-title":"Profilin 1 controls a microglial cytoskeleton checkpoint to prevent senescence and premature synaptic decline.","volume":"22","author":"Portugal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.029","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 induces lipid droplet-mediated microglial dysfunction via the enzyme DGAT2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"58","author":"Prakash","year":"","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24654","article-title":"Lipids: Emerging players of microglial biology.","volume":"73","author":"Prakash","year":"","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143564","article-title":"Alteration of sphingolipids in biofluids: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"20","author":"Pujol-Lereis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167478","article-title":"Npc1 deficiency impairs microglia function via TREM2-mTOR signaling in Niemann-Pick disease type C.","volume":"1870","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00868","article-title":"Persistent histone H3K27 acetylation contributes to excessive scar formation after spinal cord injury through the regulation of microglial cholesterol accumulation.","volume":"23","author":"Qiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02866-y","article-title":"Lysosomal acidification dysfunction in microglia: An emerging pathogenic mechanism of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.","volume":"20","author":"Quick","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170027","article-title":"mTORC1 as the main gateway to autophagy.","volume":"61","author":"Rabanal-Ruiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01620-8","article-title":"Identification of senescent, TREM2-expressing microglia in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease model mouse brain.","volume":"27","author":"Rachmian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00206","article-title":"Increased white matter inflammation in aging- and alzheimer\u2019s disease brain.","volume":"10","author":"Raj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2322929121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2322929121","article-title":"Restoration of LAMP2A expression in old mice leads to changes in the T cell compartment that support improved immune function.","volume":"121","author":"Reynolds","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.09.027","article-title":"Blockage of ATGL-mediated breakdown of lipid droplets in microglia alleviates neuroinflammatory and behavioural responses to lipopolysaccharides.","volume":"123","author":"Robb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5745","article-title":"Redox control of microglial function: Molecular mechanisms and functional significance.","volume":"21","author":"Rojo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13707","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13707","article-title":"The lysosomal proteome of senescent cells contributes to the senescence secretome.","volume":"21","author":"Rovira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01367-x","article-title":"DDHD2 provides a flux of saturated fatty acids for neuronal energy and function.","volume":"7","author":"Saber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106742","article-title":"Brain organoid models for studying the function of iPSC-derived microglia in neurodegeneration and brain tumours.","volume":"203","author":"Sabogal-Guaqueta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.01.027","article-title":"White matter aging drives microglial diversity.","volume":"109","author":"Safaiyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4325","article-title":"Age-related myelin degradation burdens the clearance function of microglia during aging.","volume":"19","author":"Safaiyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73456","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73456","article-title":"Aging is associated with increased brain iron through cortex-derived hepcidin expression.","volume":"11","author":"Sato","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.026","article-title":"Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner.","volume":"74","author":"Schafer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53389-w","article-title":"Accumulation of F-actin drives brain aging and limits healthspan in Drosophila.","volume":"15","author":"Schmid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00973.x","article-title":"Role for LAMP-2 in endosomal cholesterol transport.","volume":"15","author":"Schneede","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.128","article-title":"Why does brain metabolism not favor burning of fatty acids to provide energy? - Reflections on disadvantages of the use of free fatty acids as fuel for brain.","volume":"33","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jcs259402","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.259402","article-title":"Lipophagy at a glance.","volume":"135","author":"Schott","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.058","article-title":"Microglial-derived C1q integrates into neuronal ribonucleoprotein complexes and impacts protein homeostasis in the aging brain.","volume":"187","author":"Scott-Hewitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09584","article-title":"mTORC1 controls fasting-induced ketogenesis and its modulation by ageing.","volume":"468","author":"Sengupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115172","article-title":"Lipophagy in immune cells and immune response modulation: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.","volume":"162","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intern. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7207","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903487","article-title":"The prostaglandin E2 E-Prostanoid 4 receptor exerts anti-inflammatory effects in brain innate immunity.","volume":"184","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13029","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1698-15.2015","article-title":"Complement C3-Deficient mice fail to display age-related hippocampal decline.","volume":"35","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0051-1","article-title":"Interplay between innate immunity and Alzheimer disease: APOE and TREM2 in the spotlight.","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101332","article-title":"Altered endocytosis in cellular senescence.","volume":"68","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8067","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218067","article-title":"The emerging and diverse roles of Bis(monoacylglycero) phosphate lipids in cellular physiology and disease.","volume":"21","author":"Showalter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610343","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/610343","article-title":"Surveillance, phagocytosis, and inflammation: How never-resting microglia influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis.","volume":"2014","author":"Sierra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20468","article-title":"Microglia derived from aging mice exhibit an altered inflammatory profile.","volume":"55","author":"Sierra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00456-z","article-title":"Defining roles of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell biology and physiology.","volume":"23","author":"Sies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-55529-9_13","article-title":"Adult neurogenesis, learning and memory.","volume":"37","author":"\u0160imon\u010di\u010dov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16390","article-title":"Cholesterol, lipid rafts, and disease.","volume":"110","author":"Simons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01889.x","article-title":"Lipid compositions of different regions of the human brain during aging.","volume":"54","author":"S\u00f6derberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2025-0059","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming in neurodegenerative diseases: New insights into mTOR-mediated microglial polarization.","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Int. Med."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009979","article-title":"Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin abolishes cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-beta levels in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"5","author":"Spilman","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13460","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1333-13.2013","article-title":"A dramatic increase of C1q protein in the CNS during normal aging.","volume":"33","author":"Stephan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14221783","article-title":"Knockout of Perilipin-2 in microglia alters lipid droplet accumulation and response to Alzheimer\u2019s disease stimuli.","volume":"14","author":"Stephens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.115961","article-title":"Triglyceride metabolism controls inflammation and microglial phenotypes associated with APOE4.","volume":"44","author":"Stephenson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.036","article-title":"The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination.","volume":"131","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42809-y","article-title":"Lipofuscin-like autofluorescence within microglia and its impact on studying microglial engulfment.","volume":"14","author":"Stillman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10319","article-title":"Dystrophic microglia in the aging human brain.","volume":"45","author":"Streit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2026.101000","article-title":"Lipidome and proteome of astrocyte and microglia ApoE lipoprotein reveal differences based on cell type and ApoE isoform.","volume":"67","author":"Strickland","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8070210","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in macrophages: The vicious circle of lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory response.","volume":"8","author":"Sukhorukov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-025-00295-0","article-title":"Microglial lipid droplets as therapeutic targets in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"12","author":"Sung","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Aging"},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03039-1","article-title":"Progranulin haploinsufficiency mediates cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation with lysosomal abnormalities in human microglia.","volume":"21","author":"Sung","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57265","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202357265","article-title":"Lysosomes in senescence and aging.","volume":"24","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986","article-title":"Succinate is a danger signal that induces IL-1\u03b2 via HIF-1\u03b1.","volume":"496","author":"Tannahill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.07.006","article-title":"Emerging roles for the lysosome in lipid metabolism.","volume":"27","author":"Thelen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21920-y","article-title":"Naturally-aged microglia exhibit phagocytic dysfunction accompanied by gene expression changes reflective of underlying neurologic disease.","volume":"12","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.07.001","article-title":"Innate immune training restores pro-reparative myeloid functions to promote remyelination in the aged central nervous system.","volume":"57","author":"Tiwari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16259","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16259","article-title":"Fundamental neurochemistry review: Lipids across microglial states.","volume":"169","author":"Traetta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X12000038","article-title":"The role of microglia at synapses in the healthy CNS: Novel insights from recent imaging studies.","volume":"7","author":"Tremblay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron Glia Biol."},{"key":"B240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000527","article-title":"Microglial interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience.","volume":"8","author":"Tremblay","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22287","article-title":"Effects of aging and sensory loss on glial cells in mouse visual and auditory cortices.","volume":"60","author":"Tremblay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0580-0","article-title":"Remodeling of lipid bodies by docosahexaenoic acid in activated microglial cells.","volume":"13","author":"Tremblay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116624","article-title":"Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics reveal the reorganization of cerebellar microglia with aging.","volume":"44","author":"Tsai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2025.101341","article-title":"The balancing act between lipid droplets and lysosomes for membrane functionality in age-related neurodegeneration and inflammation.","volume":"99","author":"Tsap","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171265","article-title":"ApoE facilitates the microglial response to amyloid plaque pathology.","volume":"215","author":"Ulrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.11.018","article-title":"Microglia dictate the impact of saturated fat consumption on hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal function.","volume":"9","author":"Valdearcos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.12.007","article-title":"Metabolic alterations in aging macrophages: Ingredients for inflammaging?","volume":"40","author":"van Beek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"B248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-019-00643-1","article-title":"Endolysosome and autolysosome dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Where intracellular and extracellular meet.","volume":"33","author":"van Weering","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"B249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","article-title":"Understanding the Warburg effect: The metabolic requirements of cell proliferation.","volume":"324","author":"Vander Heiden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2516103122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2516103122","article-title":"Microglia-to-neuron signaling links APOE4 and inflammation to enhanced neuronal lipid metabolism and network activity.","volume":"122","author":"Verduzco Espinoza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.07.005","article-title":"Lipid accumulation induced by APOE4 impairs microglial surveillance of neuronal-network activity.","volume":"29","author":"Victor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4363-08.2009","article-title":"Resting microglia directly monitor the functional state of synapses in vivo and determine the fate of ischemic terminals.","volume":"29","author":"Wake","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01494-2","article-title":"TFEB\u2013vacuolar ATPase signaling regulates lysosomal function and microglial activation in tauopathy.","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110006","article-title":"Microglial apolipoprotein E particles contribute to neuronal senescence and synaptotoxicity.","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-023-01891-3","article-title":"Sirt6 enhances macrophage lipophagy and improves lipid metabolism disorder by regulating the Wnt1\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in atherosclerosis.","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"B256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.08.012","article-title":"The TSC-mTOR signaling pathway regulates the innate inflammatory response.","volume":"29","author":"Weichhart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2022","article-title":"Fatty acid\u2013induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling.","volume":"12","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"B258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2014.03.008","article-title":"Lipid droplet biogenesis.","volume":"29","author":"Wilfling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(95)03532-x","article-title":"Toxicity of iron and hydrogen peroxide: The Fenton reaction.","volume":"8","author":"Winterbourn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"B260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C661","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.275.3.C661","article-title":"Age-associated increase in PGE2 synthesis and COX activity in murine macrophages is reversed by vitamin E.","volume":"275","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiology-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023418118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2023418118","article-title":"Autophagy deficiency modulates microglial lipid homeostasis and aggravates tau pathology and spreading.","volume":"118","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64161-z","article-title":"Microglia-specific regulation of lipid metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease revealed by microglial depletion in 5xFAD Mice.","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu278","article-title":"Defective macroautophagic turnover of brain lipids in the TgCRND8 Alzheimer mouse model: Prevention by correcting lysosomal proteolytic deficits.","volume":"137","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00828-0","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and storage in neuroglia: Role in brain development and neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"B265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52874-6","article-title":"NPC1 links cholesterol trafficking to microglial morphology via the gastrosome.","volume":"15","author":"Zareba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103978","article-title":"Acetylation of fatty acid synthase regulates microglial lipid droplets accumulation and pro-inflammatory activity following traumatic brain injury.","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02578-w","article-title":"Progranulin deficiency results in sex-dependent alterations in microglia in response to demyelination.","volume":"146","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01412","article-title":"Regulation of synaptic function and lipid metabolism.","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regenerat. Res."},{"key":"B269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01401","article-title":"Lipid droplets in the nervous system: Involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis.","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01379-7","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolic reprogramming mediates microglia-induced chronic neuroinflammation and hinders neurorestoration following stroke.","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"B271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2209990120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209990120","article-title":"Staged suppression of microglial autophagy facilitates regeneration in CNS demyelination by enhancing the production of linoleic acid.","volume":"120","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0212382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212382","article-title":"Progranulin deficiency leads to reduced glucocerebrosidase activity.","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.11.018","article-title":"Long-term high-fat diet consumption by mice throughout adulthood induces neurobehavioral alterations and hippocampal neuronal remodeling accompanied by augmented microglial lipid accumulation.","volume":"100","author":"Zhuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.011","article-title":"Cytokines as emerging regulators of central nervous system synapses.","volume":"56","author":"Zipp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1884230\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:31:39Z","timestamp":1790595099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1884230\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":274,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1884230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1884230","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"article-number":"1884230"}}