{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:03:29Z","timestamp":1784873009811,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regular participation in late-life cognitive activities is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. In a prior randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated that increased calligraphy practice improved working memory and strengthened functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). This exploratory secondary analysis examined whether increased calligraphy practice also modulates FC in other large-scale brain networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 112 community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 55\u201375 years with SCD and prior calligraphy experience were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. The control group maintained their usual calligraphy practice, while the intervention group doubled their weekly practice time for 6 months. Resting-state FC was assessed at baseline and post-intervention using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Mixed models for repeated measures were conducted to compare longitudinal FC changes within the salient network and central executive network between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the control group, doubling calligraphy practice for 6 months was associated with a significantly greater increase in resting-state FC between right rostral prefrontal cortex and right supramarginal gyrus within the salient network (between-group mean difference = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.03\u20130.22;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01). In pooled analyses of the whole sample, no significant pre-post changes in FCs within SAN were observed. No significant between-group FC changes were observed within the central executive network.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased calligraphy practice was associated with localized FC changes within the salient network, extending our prior findings of more distributed FC changes within the default mode network. Together, these findings suggest late-life engagement in cognitive activities may be relevant to large-scale brain network organization in older adults at risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1897104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:36:52Z","timestamp":1784871412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of increasing cognitive activity participation via calligraphy practice on salient network and central executive network in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BrainNow Medical Technology Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohua","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BrainNow Medical Technology Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie Chiu Wing","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Chiu Wa","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen Ting Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","place":["Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b7849b","article-title":"Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly: Results from the Three-City Study.","volume":"73","author":"Akbaraly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25316","article-title":"Prediction of brain age and cognitive age: Quantifying brain and cognitive maintenance in aging.","volume":"42","author":"Anat\u00fcrk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. 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