{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:54:59Z","timestamp":1790751299931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impaired mastication is a plausible modifiable risk factor for dementia, but long-term longitudinal evidence using functional metrics instead of tooth counts is limited. This study investigated the association between self-reported chewing\/swallowing problems and cognitive decline trajectories in older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed repeated NHATS rounds 7\u201314. The primary analytic sample comprised 8,636 participants contributing 34,571 person-round observations with valid exposure and immediate plus delayed 10-word recall. Raw total recall (0\u201320) was the primary outcome. Linear mixed models used rounds since each participant\u2019s first complete analytic assessment, time-varying exposure, random intercepts and random slopes, and adjustment for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, education, comorbidity count, depressive symptoms, hearing impairment, and vision impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the first complete analytic assessment, 842 participants (9.7%) reported chewing or swallowing problems. In the primary model, the exposure-by-time interaction was \u22120.035 recall points per follow-up round (95% CI, \u22120.075 to 0.005;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.086). The contemporaneous exposure coefficient at follow-up round 0 was 0.034 points (95% CI, \u22120.106 to 0.173;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.638). Results were similar when participants with one assessment were excluded and when the outcome was modeled as immediate recall, delayed recall, or standardized against a common reference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this analytic NHATS sample, self-reported chewing or swallowing problems were not independently associated with a statistically significant difference in episodic-memory trajectory after sensory and other prespecified adjustment. The item may warrant oral, swallowing, functional, or neurological assessment, but it is not a specific marker of masticatory dysfunction or cognitive risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1899130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:00:06Z","timestamp":1790748006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-reported chewing or swallowing problems and episodic memory performance in older Americans: a longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chonghao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuteng","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoqi","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Engineering, School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University","place":["Xi'an, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17132149","article-title":"Exploring the associations between dysphagia and health-related outcomes in older adults: results from the ilSIRENTE study","volume":"17","author":"Coelho-Junior","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17203268","article-title":"Prevalence of dysphagia and its health implications among elderly residents in long-term care facilities in the Liguria region (Italy): an observational cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Formisano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.362","article-title":"Hearing loss and incident dementia","volume":"68","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. 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