{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:05:50Z","timestamp":1790057150468,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a companion neurophysiological study (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19) to a recently published exploratory pilot of the Kinestesia intervention \u2014 combining therapeutic videogames, rhythmic gait, and sensory stimulation \u2014 in older adults spanning the cognitively healthy (HC,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9) spectrum. That paper, published in Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, reported BH-corrected behavioural gains; here we ask whether the resting-state electrocortical response is graded by baseline cognitive status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resting-state EEG was recorded before and after 30 sessions in 19 participants (9 MCI, MoCA &amp;lt; 26; 10 HC, MoCA 26\u201329). Age-referenced Z-scores were computed for eleven pre-specified clinical EEG indices using the Harmonized Functional EEG Derived Phenotypes normative pipeline (HarFEDPNorms). The primary analysis treated the 19 participants as a single sample and correlated baseline MoCA with the pre-to-post change in each index (Spearman \u03c1), with Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) FDR correction. We assessed robustness to educational attainment using partial correlation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight of the eleven pre-specified indices showed a BH-corrected continuous association with baseline MoCA. The strongest were the Engagement Index (EI) and the Alpha\/Beta Ratio (ABR) at Fp2 (EI: \u03c1 = +0.704,\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008; ABR: \u03c1 = \u22120.687,\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008): higher baseline cognitive status was associated with greater prefrontal activation after the intervention, and lower status with the reverse. MoCA and education were substantially correlated at the sample level (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.596; 36% shared variance, driven by the HC\/MCI contrast), and the primary prefrontal effect (EI Fp2) remained significant after adjusting for education (partial \u03c1 = 0.50,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this small, uncontrolled sample, the electrocortical response to Kinestesia was graded by baseline cognitive status, with a robust prefrontal engagement effect (EI and ABR at Fp2; BH\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01). Findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating, pending a randomised controlled trial. The HarFEDPNorms pipeline offers a device-independent framework for individualised EEG tracking in intervention research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1931028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:40:24Z","timestamp":1790055624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kinestesia: the prefrontal EEG response to a cognitive-motor intervention is graded by baseline cognitive status"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jorge F.","family":"Bosch-Bayard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg, Faculty of Psychology","place":["Oldenburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro","place":["Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]},{"name":"Centro Integrador del Movimiento, Mente y Conducta","place":["Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Guerrero-Sauzameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro","place":["Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]},{"name":"Centro Integrador del Movimiento, Mente y Conducta","place":["Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Navarrete-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro","place":["Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Aguilar-Fabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro","place":["Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene F.","family":"Rodriguez-Valdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica del Sistema Nervioso, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro","place":["Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"]},{"name":"Vithas M\u00e1laga, Grupo Hospitalario Vithas","place":["M\u00e1laga, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo I.","family":"Bosch-Bayard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Zanzibar","place":["Zanzibar, Tanzania"]},{"name":"Universidad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas de La Habana","place":["Havana, Cuba"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Martinez-Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Almer\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina","place":["Almer\u00eda, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gracia","family":"Castro-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Almer\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina","place":["Almer\u00eda, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe A.","family":"Chiarenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Internazionale Disturbi di Apprendimento, Attenzione, Iperattivit\u00e0","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00857-9","article-title":"Scientists rise up against statistical significance","volume":"567","author":"Amrhein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657508","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/657508","article-title":"A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults","volume":"2013","author":"Bherer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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