{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:04:07Z","timestamp":1789365847998,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily patterns of activity, rest, and sleep, referred to as rest\u2013activity rhythms (RARs), can be characterized by their day-to-day regularity, within-day fragmentation, and contrast between active and rest periods across the 24-h cycle. Disruptions (e.g., irregular schedules, fragmented activity, or reduced day-night contrast) have been associated with cognitive decline among older adults. Few studies have used repeated actigraphy to distinguish person-level average RARs from visit-specific deviations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample included 169 older adults without MCI or dementia at the first actigraphy visit, based on consensus clinical and neuropsychological review. Seven-day wrist actigraphy required at least three 24-h intervals with &amp;lt;5% missing data each; 122 participants had repeated assessments (362 observations total). RARs were characterized using three non-parametric features: (1) day-night contrast [relative amplitude (RA)], (2) day-to-day regularity [interdaily stability (IS)], and (3) within-day fragmentation [intradaily variability (IV)]. Each metric was decomposed into a person-level average and a visit-specific deviation from that average. Linear mixed-effects models examined associations with executive function and BMI-adjusted plasma markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related pathophysiology [pTau181\/(A\u03b242\/A\u03b240)], neuroaxonal injury (NfL), and astroglial activation (GFAP); exploratory Cox models evaluated incident MCI; and amyloid PET interaction models were conducted in participants with PET data (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 141).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher average RA and IS and lower average IV were associated with higher executive function. At the visit level, higher-than-average RA and lower-than-average IV relative to each participant\u2019s own average were associated with higher executive function at corresponding assessments. Higher average RA was associated with lower risk of incident MCI. RAR metrics were not significantly associated with GFAP, NfL, or pTau181\/(A\u03b242\/A\u03b240) in the plasma biomarker models. Amyloid PET status moderated within-person RAR associations with executive function: higher-than-usual RA and IS and lower-than-usual IV were more strongly associated with better executive function among amyloid PET-positive participants. For the plasma biomarkers, the between-person IS \u00d7 amyloid PET interaction remained significant after correction only for pTau181\/(A\u03b242\/A\u03b240).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the value of repeated actigraphy for distinguishing average RAR levels from assessment-level departures from each participant\u2019s own average RAR profile and suggest that visit-specific RAR variation may be particularly relevant to executive function among amyloid PET-positive older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1939060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:39:14Z","timestamp":1789364354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal associations of rest-activity rhythms with executive function, plasma biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in older adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Callow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam P.","family":"Spira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]},{"name":"Hopkins Center on Aging and Health","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Moghekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wanigatunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Pettigrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Soldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008","article-title":"The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the national institute on aging-Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2174\/156720501108140910121920","article-title":"Cognitive changes preceding clinical symptom onset of mild cognitive impairment and relationship to ApoE genotype.","volume":"11","author":"Albert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005303","article-title":"Resistance vs resilience to Alzheimer disease: Clarifying terminology for preclinical studies.","volume":"90","author":"Arenaza-Urquijo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zaf027","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpaf027","article-title":"White matter microstructure statistically mediates associations between circadian rest\/activity rhythms and cognition in older adults.","volume":"6","author":"Callow","year":"","journal-title":"SLEEP Adv."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100454","DOI":"10.1016\/J.tjpad.2025.100454","article-title":"Hippocampal microstructure as a measure of cognitive resilience to tau PET burden in older adults.","volume":"13","author":"Callow","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70038","DOI":"10.1002\/HIPO.70038","article-title":"Tau PET burden is associated with hippocampal microstructure and episodic memory in amyloid positive older adults.","volume":"35","author":"Callow","year":"","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103621","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NICL.2024.103621","article-title":"Sleep and physical activity measures are associated with resting-state network segregation in non-demented older adults.","volume":"43","author":"Callow","year":"","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROBIOLAGING.2024.11.011","article-title":"Independent associations of sleep and physical activity with cognition are mediated by hippocampal microstructure in middle-aged and older adults.","volume":"147","author":"Callow","year":"","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100573","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MHPA.2023.100573","article-title":"Actigraphy estimated sleep moderates the relationship between physical activity and cognition in older adults.","volume":"26","author":"Callow","year":"","journal-title":"Ment. Health Phys. Act."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/S11064-019-02778-5","article-title":"Potential circadian rhythms in oligodendrocytes? working together through time.","volume":"45","author":"Colwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV.PSYCH.093008.100356","article-title":"The disaggregation of within-person and between-person effects in longitudinal models of change.","volume":"62","author":"Curran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1002\/GLIA.23667","article-title":"The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity.","volume":"67","author":"de Vivo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70085","DOI":"10.1002\/TRC2.70085","article-title":"Physical activity modifies associations between cerebrospinal fluid tau measures and executive function.","volume":"11","author":"Dougherty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Transl. Res. Clin. Intervent."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05256-y","article-title":"Disaggregating between- and within-person associations of mastery and cognitive function: Age as a moderator.","volume":"24","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSMC.2015.08.002","article-title":"Aging and circadian rhythms.","volume":"10","author":"Duffy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Clin."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2022.02.001","article-title":"Sleep and cognition: A narrative review focused on older adults.","volume":"17","author":"Dzierzewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Clin."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBI.2014.11.009","article-title":"Microglia inflammatory responses are controlled by an intrinsic circadian clock.","volume":"45","author":"Fonken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2017.3090","article-title":"Association between midlife vascular risk factors and estimated brain amyloid deposition.","volume":"317","author":"Gottesman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55211","DOI":"10.2196\/55211","article-title":"Association of rest-activity rhythm and risk of developing dementia or mild cognitive impairment in the middle-aged and older population: Prospective cohort study.","volume":"10","author":"Haghayegh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90328","article-title":"The aging clock: Circadian rhythms and later life.","volume":"127","author":"Hood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2117573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.17573","article-title":"Association of sleep and \u03b2-amyloid pathology among older cognitively unimpaired adults.","volume":"4","author":"Insel","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1002\/ALZ.13859","article-title":"Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroup.","volume":"20","author":"Jack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00042","article-title":"Midlife lifestyle activities moderate APOE \u03b54 effect on in vivo Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathologies.","volume":"12","author":"Jeon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21407","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.0906361106","article-title":"A circadian clock in macrophages controls inflammatory immune responses.","volume":"106","author":"Keller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.058","article-title":"Pattern of normal age-related regional differences in white matter microstructure is modified by vascular risk.","volume":"1297","author":"Kennedy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5334\/JCR.227","article-title":"Abnormalities of rest-activity and light exposure rhythms associated with cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Circadian Rhythms"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM15083023","article-title":"Associations of circadian rhythms with cognitive performance in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105805","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EBIOM.2025.105805","article-title":"Comparative performance of plasma pTau181\/A\u03b242, pTau217\/A\u03b242 ratios, and individual measurements in detecting brain amyloidosis.","volume":"117","author":"Lehmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaf047","DOI":"10.1093\/SLEEP\/ZSAF047","article-title":"Disturbances in rest-activity rhythms and their neurobiological correlates: Implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia.","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/PCN.13671","article-title":"Associations between accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm, brain structural and genetic mechanisms, and dementia.","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105215","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ARCHGER.2023.105215","article-title":"Circadian rest-activity rhythms and cognitive decline and impairment in older Chinese adults: A multicohort study with prospective follow-up.","volume":"116","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77830-4","article-title":"Sleep, 24-h activity rhythms, and plasma markers of neurodegenerative disease.","volume":"10","author":"Lysen","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1002\/ALZ.12122","article-title":"Actigraphy-estimated sleep and 24-hour activity rhythms and the risk of dementia.","volume":"16","author":"Lysen","year":"","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JALZ.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the national institute on aging-Alzheimer\u2019s association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12245","DOI":"10.1002\/DAD2.12245","article-title":"Relationship between objectively measured physical activity on neuropathology and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Resistance versus resilience?","volume":"13","author":"Memel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-A","article-title":"The clinical dementia rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules.","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.ABB8739","article-title":"Glymphatic failure as a final common pathway to dementia.","volume":"370","author":"Nedergaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/J.neurobiolaging.2013.12.030","article-title":"The interaction between sleep-disordered breathing and ApoE genotype on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in cognitively normal elderly.","volume":"35","author":"Osorio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONA\/GLAC180","article-title":"Associations between objectively measured sleep and cognition: Main effects and interactions with race in adults Aged =50 years.","volume":"78","author":"Owusu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70105","DOI":"10.1002\/DAD2.70105","article-title":"Rest-activity rhythm characteristics associated with lower cognitive performance and Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in midlife women.","volume":"17","author":"Paget-Blanc","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Diagnosis Assess. Dis. Monit."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70081","DOI":"10.1002\/DAD2.70081","article-title":"Plasma biomarker trajectories: Impact of AD genetic risk and clinical progression.","volume":"17","author":"Pettigrew","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Diagnosis Assess. Dis. Monit."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4133-04.2005","article-title":"Circadian rhythm generation and entrainment in astrocytes.","volume":"25","author":"Prolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272946","DOI":"10.3389\/FNAGI.2023.1272946","article-title":"Tau PET burden in Brodmann areas 35 and 36 is associated with individual differences in cognition in non-demented older adults.","volume":"15","author":"Rani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e214620","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000214620","article-title":"Association between longitudinal rate of change in CSF biomarkers and subsequent Tau PET burden in early braak stages.","volume":"106","author":"Rani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102881","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ebiom.2020.102881","article-title":"Associations of rest-activity patterns with amyloid burden, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and cognitive impairment.","volume":"58","author":"Roh","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROBIOLAGING.2026.01.004","article-title":"Concurrent associations between visit-to-visit changes in actigraphy-based physical activity and cognitive aging in older adults.","volume":"161","author":"Shankar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.007","article-title":"Interactive effects of physical activity and APOE-\u03b54 on white matter tract diffusivity in healthy elders.","volume":"131","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.070","article-title":"Interactive effects of physical activity and APOE-\u03b54 on BOLD semantic memory activation in healthy elders.","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3389\/FNAGI.2019.00132","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity is associated with cerebrospinal fluid levels of the synaptic protein NPTX2 in non-demented older adults.","volume":"11","author":"Soldan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210225","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210225","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers and risk of onset of mild cognitive impairment over the short and long term.","volume":"104","author":"Soldan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.038","article-title":"The evolution of preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Implications for prevention trials.","volume":"84","author":"Sperling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zab015","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpab015","article-title":"Brain amyloid burden, sleep, and 24-hour rest\/activity rhythms: Screening findings from the anti-amyloid treatment in asymptomatic Alzheimer\u2019s and longitudinal evaluation of amyloid risk and neurodegeneration studies.","volume":"2","author":"Spira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Adv."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004171","article-title":"Poor sleep is associated with CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology in cognitively normal adults.","volume":"89","author":"Sprecher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/J.neurobiolaging.2022.10.015","article-title":"A framework for concepts of reserve and resilience in aging.","volume":"124","author":"Stern","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135085","DOI":"10.3389\/FENDO.2023.1135085","article-title":"Association between rest-activity rhythm and cognitive function in the elderly: The U.S. national health and nutrition examination survey, 2011-2014.","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01591-9","article-title":"Biological mechanisms of resilience to tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"16","author":"Svenningsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/ANA.22468","article-title":"Circadian activity rhythms and risk of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older women.","volume":"70","author":"Tranah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/S13195-024-01653-Y","article-title":"Sex differences in the relationships between 24-h rest-activity patterns and plasma markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology.","volume":"16","author":"Van Egroo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112076","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EXGER.2022.112076","article-title":"Aging, circadian disruption and neurodegeneration: Interesting interplay.","volume":"172","author":"Verma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1037\/MET0000030","article-title":"On disaggregating between-person and within-person effects with longitudinal data using multilevel models.","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/GERONA\/GLAB275","article-title":"Nonparametric parameters of 24-hour rest\u2013activity rhythms and long-term cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment in older men.","volume":"77","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain.","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2010.1995","article-title":"Association of plasma beta-amyloid level and cognitive reserve with subsequent cognitive decline.","volume":"305","author":"Yaffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03955-6","article-title":"Physical activity as a modifiable risk factor in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"31","author":"Yau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00846-9","article-title":"Cautions on utilizing plasma GFAP level as a biomarker for reactive astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"20","author":"Youn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecular Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/J.GERINURSE.2024.10.074","article-title":"Rest-activity rhythm and cognitive function in older adults: A scoping review and integrative framework.","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00017-X","article-title":"Linear regression with spatial constraint to generate parametric images of ligand-receptor dynamic PET studies with a simplified reference tissue model.","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaf437","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf437","article-title":"Sleep-related changes in astrocytic biomarkers are modulated by APOE \u03b54 genotype in cognitively unimpaired adults.","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Commun."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1939060\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:39:16Z","timestamp":1789364356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1939060\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1939060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1939060","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"article-number":"1939060"}}