{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:03:36Z","timestamp":1790053416459,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atherogenic dyslipidemia has been associated with adverse cognitive and dementia-related outcomes, but its relationship with Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related blood biomarkers remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is associated with dried blood spot (DBS)-derived phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) in older adults from Germany, Sweden, and Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis included adults aged \u226550\u202fyears from Germany, Sweden, and Denmark in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe DBS biomarker substudy. AIP was calculated as log10(triglycerides\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Multivariable linear regression with robust standard errors evaluated standardized natural log-transformed p-tau217, with additional dose\u2013response analyses, comparisons across neurological biomarkers, and sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2,676 participants, a 1-SD higher AIP was associated with a 0.074-SD higher ln(p-tau217) (95% CI, 0.034\u20130.115;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001), corresponding after back-transformation to a 5.2% higher adjusted geometric mean DBS-derived p-tau217 concentration (95% CI, 2.3\u20138.1%). The highest versus lowest AIP quartile was associated with higher p-tau217 (\u03b2, 0.162; 95% CI, 0.052\u20130.272;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.004), although estimates across quartiles were not strictly monotonic. Associations were statistically supported for p-tau217 and total tau, but not for GFAP or NfL after FDR correction. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional analysis, higher AIP, reflecting atherogenic dyslipidemia, was associated with a modestly higher DBS-derived p-tau217 concentration in older adults. The biological and clinical significance of this association remains to be established in longitudinal and multimodal studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1948518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:21:08Z","timestamp":1790050868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and DBS-derived p-tau217 in older adults: evidence from SHARE DBS data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zunwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitong","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02894-3","article-title":"Lipoprotein levels and statin treatment related to dementia and cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes: an observational analysis from the ADVANCE study","volume":"24","author":"Af Geijerstam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31816b72d4","article-title":"Cholesterol as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review of prospective studies with meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Anstey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.5319","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a plasma phosphorylated tau 217 immunoassay for Alzheimer disease pathology","volume":"81","author":"Ashton","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02582-2","article-title":"Atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"24","author":"Assempoor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Survey Participation in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Wave 1\u20137: Based on Release 7.0.0. SHARE Working Paper Series 41\u20132019","author":"Bergmann","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w32764","volume-title":"Biomarkers in SHARE: Documentation of Implementation, Collection, and Analysis of Dried Blood Spot (DBS) Samples 2015\u20132023. NBER Working Paper No. 32764","author":"B\u00f6rsch-Supan","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.28.26344911","article-title":"Cohort profile update: survey of health, ageing and retirement in Europe: biomarker data for age-related health conditions","author":"B\u00f6rsch-Supan","year":"2026","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt088","article-title":"Data resource profile: the survey of health, ageing and retirement in Europe (SHARE)","volume":"42","author":"B\u00f6rsch-Supan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202200406","article-title":"HPDA\/Zn as a CREB inhibitor for ultrasound imaging and stabilization of atherosclerosis plaque","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(01)00263-6","article-title":"The plasma parameter log(TG\/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FERHDL)","volume":"34","author":"Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320106","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neurological disorders","volume":"90","author":"Gaetani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac407","article-title":"Brain-derived tau: a novel blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease-type neurodegeneration","volume":"146","author":"Gonzalez-Ortiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123212","article-title":"Synergistic microglial modulation by laminarin-based platinum nanozymes for potential intracerebral hemorrhage therapy","volume":"319","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04080-0","article-title":"A minimally invasive dried blood spot biomarker test for the detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology","volume":"32","author":"Huber","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e498","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00150-1","article-title":"Blood cholesterol and risk of dementia in more than 1.8 million people over two decades: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Iwagami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51334-x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a novel plasma pTau217 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Kivis\u00e4kk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251339841","article-title":"Association between atherogenic index of plasma and dementia: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"106","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02350-8","article-title":"The predictive value of cumulative atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) for cardiovascular outcomes: a prospective community-based cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the lancet standing commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00395","article-title":"Apelin-13 suppresses neuroinflammation against cognitive deficit in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease through activation of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.044","article-title":"Cardiometabolic-based chronic disease, adiposity and dysglycemia drivers: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"Mechanick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0297-y","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Nation","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2010.02.005","article-title":"\u201cAtherogenic index of plasma\u201d (log10 triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) predicts high blood pressure, diabetes, and vascular events","volume":"4","author":"Onat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12134","article-title":"Discriminative accuracy of plasma phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"324","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab223","article-title":"Plasma GFAP is an early marker of amyloid-\u03b2 but not tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"144","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02314-y","article-title":"Association between atherogenic index of plasma and new-onset stroke in individuals with different glucose metabolism status: insights from CHARLS","volume":"23","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-03996-3","article-title":"BDNF-TrkB signalling: a neurotrophic pathway to cardiovascular protection","volume":"194","author":"Rana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 6, release Version 9.0.0 [Dataset]","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Dried Blood Spots, Release Version 2.0.0 [Dataset]","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.10.008","article-title":"Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Snyder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620490462797","article-title":"Imputation of data values that are less than a detection limit","volume":"1","author":"Succop","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.188","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"14","author":"Sweeney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687157","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.687157","article-title":"Insulin resistance exacerbates Alzheimer disease via multiple mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2025.2568606","article-title":"Glial cell nutrient sensing: mechanisms of nutrients regulating Alzheimer\u2019s pathogenesis and precision intervention","volume":"66","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251334826","article-title":"Association of the atherogenic index of plasma with cognitive function and oxidative stress: a population-based study","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1948518\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:21:09Z","timestamp":1790050869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1948518\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1948518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1948518","relation":{},"ISSN":["1663-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1663-4365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"article-number":"1948518"}}