{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:08:59Z","timestamp":1789711739536,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81830033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81830033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China","award":["82401713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401713"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China","award":["82301655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301655"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Aging Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual attention deficits are common but under-recognized in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and we investigate whether theta-frequency (5\u202fHz) STN-DBS differentially modulates visual attention compared with high-frequency (130\u202fHz) stimulation in PD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-nine PD patients with bilateral STN-DBS perform an attentional capture task under three stimulation conditions (OFF, low-frequency, high-frequency). Patients are stratified into impaired (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f21) and normal (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f18) visual attention groups based on their accuracy in the AC-distractor task during OFF-stimulation, with &amp;lt;90% accuracy defining impairment. Behavioral accuracy and reaction time are analyzed using Bayesian mixed-effects models. P300 amplitudes and latencies are measured using electroencephalography.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the impaired group, 5\u202fHz stimulation significantly improves accuracy in the distractor condition compared with OFF (BF\u202f&amp;gt;\u202f1,000), whereas 130\u202fHz stimulation reduces accuracy (BF\u202f=\u202f122.8). This behavioral pattern is paralleled by enhanced P300 amplitude and prolonged latency under 5\u202fHz stimulation, and suppressed P300 amplitude under 130\u202fHz stimulation. No significant stimulation effects are observed in the normal group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Theta-frequency STN-DBS selectively improves visual attention in PD with pre-existing attentional deficits, likely by enhancing top-down attentional resource allocation, while high-frequency stimulation impairs performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1961905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:38:45Z","timestamp":1789709925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Theta-frequency subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation selectively improves visual attention in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hutao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houyou","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiansong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.02.156","article-title":"Suppression of deep brain stimulation artifacts from the electroencephalogram by frequency-domain Hampel filtering","volume":"121","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. 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