{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T19:44:14Z","timestamp":1768679054150,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neuroanat."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Axonopathy is a pathological feature observed in both Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) patients and animal models. However, identifying the temporal and regional progression of axonopathy during AD development remains elusive. Using the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system, we acquired whole-brain datasets in the early stage of 5xFAD\/Thy1-GFP-M mice. We reported that among GFP labeled axons, GFP-positive axonopathy first formed in the lateral septal nucleus, subiculum, and medial mammillary nucleus. The axonopathy further increased in most brain regions during aging. However, most of the axonopathic varicosities disappeared significantly in the medial mammillary nucleus after 8 weeks old. Continuous three-dimensional datasets showed that axonopathy in the medial mammillary nucleus was mainly located on axons from hippocampal GFP-positive neurons. Using the rabies viral tracer in combination with immunohistochemistry, we found that axons in the medial mammillary nucleus from the subiculum were susceptible to lesions that prior to the occurrence of behavioral disorders. In conclusion, we created an early-stage spatiotemporal map of axonopathy in 5xFAD\/Thy1-GFP-M mice and identified specific neural circuits which are vulnerable to axon lesions in an AD mouse model. These findings underline the importance of early interventions for AD, and may contribute to the understanding of its progression and its early symptom treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.608177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T07:22:24Z","timestamp":1606375344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Whole-Brain Three-Dimensional Profiling Reveals Brain Region Specific Axon Vulnerability in 5xFAD Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingtao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangheng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn312","article-title":"Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques remain continuous and connected to viable cell bodies","volume":"132","author":"Adalbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1322-y","article-title":"Inside Alzheimer brain with CLARITY: senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and axons in 3-D","volume":"128","author":"Ando","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.006","article-title":"Basal forebrain cholinergic circuits and signaling in cognition and cognitive decline","volume":"91","author":"Ballinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0415-y","article-title":"High plasticity of axonal pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models","volume":"5","author":"Blazquez-Llorca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. 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