{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:06:41Z","timestamp":1781712401143,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T04:49:02Z","timestamp":1571114942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effects of Acupuncture on Behavioral Stereotypies and Brain Dopamine System in Mice as a Model of Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lixue","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongchun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-X","article-title":"The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders.","volume":"12","author":"Albin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm278","article-title":"Neural correlates of tic severity and cognitive control in children with tourette syndrome.","volume":"131","author":"Baym","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3951","article-title":"Effects of bifenthrin exposure on the estrogenic and dopaminergic pathways in zebrafish embryos and juveniles.","volume":"37","author":"Bertotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4452","article-title":"Mechanism of mongolian medical warm acupuncture in treating insomnia by regulating mir-101a in rats with insomnia.","volume":"14","author":"Bo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00161-U","article-title":"The genetic susceptibility to gilles de la tourette syndrome in a large multiple affected british kindred: linkage analysis excludes a role for the genes coding for dopamine d1, d2, d3, d4, d5 receptors, dopamine beta hydroxylase, tyrosinase, and tyrosine hydroxylase.","volume":"37","author":"Brett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","article-title":"Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting.","volume":"68","author":"Bromberg-Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2013.00050","article-title":"Motor tics evoked by striatal disinhibition in the rat.","volume":"7","author":"Bronfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2012.06.015","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia: limbic aspects.","volume":"168","author":"Buot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.004","article-title":"Neuromodulation in tourette syndrome: dopamine and beyond.","volume":"37","author":"Buse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060109","article-title":"Biogenic amine metabolism in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"6","author":"Butler","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450500341472","article-title":"The mechanism of acupuncture and clinical applications.","volume":"116","author":"Cabyoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050986","article-title":"The effect of m-CPP on tics and obsessive-compulsive phenomena in gilles de la tourette syndrome.","volume":"144","author":"Cath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3182741c39","article-title":"Tolerability profile of clonidine in the treatment of adults with tourette syndrome.","volume":"35","author":"Cavanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2013.07.008","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture for some common illnesses: a clinician\u2019s perspective.","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.113.085175","article-title":"D1-D2 dopamine receptor synergy promotes calcium signaling via multiple mechanisms.","volume":"84","author":"Chun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn223","article-title":"Control networks in paediatric Tourette syndrome show immature and anomalous patterns of functional connectivity.","volume":"132","author":"Church","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00311-P","article-title":"No association of a tyrosine hydroxylase gene tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in autism. Tourette syndrome, or ADHD.","volume":"37","author":"Comings","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00913","article-title":"Abnormal baseline brain activity in drug-naive patients with Tourette syndrome: a resting-state fMRI study.","volume":"7","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","first-page":"448","article-title":"[Relationship between tic symptom severity and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of Tourette syndrome].","volume":"51","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.282","article-title":"The impact of disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) on the dopaminergic system: a systematic review.","volume":"7","author":"Dahoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0369-368","article-title":"Structural abnormalities in the substantia nigra and neighbouring nuclei in tourette\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"117","author":"Davila","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.09.003","article-title":"Neural correlates of behavior therapy for tourette\u2019s disorder.","volume":"224","author":"Deckersbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"221","article-title":"A new animal model for tourette syndrome.","volume":"35","author":"Diamond","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14273","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1894-10.2010","article-title":"Influence of phasic and tonic dopamine release on receptor activation.","volume":"30","author":"Dreyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60050-60052","article-title":"Tourette syndrome in children: an updated review.","volume":"51","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806918762031","article-title":"TRPV1 gain-of-function mutation impairs pain and itch sensations in mice.","volume":"14","author":"Duo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.10.009","article-title":"Clonidine in Tourette syndrome and sensorimotor gating.","volume":"215","author":"Eapen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.002","article-title":"Temporo-parietal dysfunction in Tourette syndrome: insights from an fMRI study of Theory of Mind.","volume":"81","author":"Eddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2014.50.2.2097801","article-title":"Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of tourette syndrome.","volume":"50","author":"Egolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"289","article-title":"Acupuncture: history from the yellow emperor to modern anesthesia practice.","volume":"83","author":"Faircloth","year":"2015","journal-title":"AANA J."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"19","article-title":"The acupoints and acupuncture techniques in experimental rats.","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nanj. Railway Med. Coll."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2703","article-title":"Transient neuronal inhibition reveals opposing roles of indirect and direct pathways in sensitization.","volume":"14","author":"Ferguson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102941","article-title":"By carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism.","volume":"306","author":"Frank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0206-157","article-title":"Indirect-pathway neurons lose their spines in parkinson disease.","volume":"9","author":"Gerfen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"509","article-title":"[Curative effect and possible mechanisms of topiramate in treatment of tourette syndrome in rats].","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.05.011","article-title":"Distinct roles of synaptic transmission in direct and indirect striatal pathways to reward and aversive behavior.","volume":"66","author":"Hikida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086471","article-title":"Ectopic cerebellar cell migration causes maldevelopment of Purkinje cells and abnormal motor behaviour in Cxcr4 null mice.","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16340","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2770-15.2015","article-title":"Corticostriatal divergent function in determining the temporal and spatial properties of motor tics.","volume":"35","author":"Israelashvili","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12499","article-title":"Acupuncture reduces relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior via activation of GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area.","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970802118356","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging of tics and tic suppression in gilles de la tourette syndrome.","volume":"10","author":"Kawohl","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp043","article-title":"Neurovestibular toxicities of acrylonitrile and iminodipropionitrile in rats: a comparative evaluation of putative mechanisms and target sites.","volume":"109","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.54871","article-title":"Pattern of neurobehavioral and organ-specific toxicities of beta, beta\u2019-iminodipropionitrile in mice.","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12587","article-title":"Acupuncture inhibition of methamphetamine-induced behaviors, dopamine release and hyperthermia in the nucleus accumbens: mediation of group II mGluR.","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70865-X","article-title":"Pathway of noradrenaline formation from DOPA.","volume":"226","author":"Kirshner","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3100","article-title":"Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement.","volume":"15","author":"Kravitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67020443.x","article-title":"Intricate regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and gene expression.","volume":"67","author":"Kumer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2016.12.005","article-title":"A single case of tourette\u2019s syndrome treated with traditional chinese medicine.","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws104","article-title":"Widespread abnormality of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic system in Tourette syndrome.","volume":"135","author":"Lerner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1179\/016164103101201472","article-title":"Protective action of recombinant neurturin on dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra in a rhesus monkey model of parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S191900","article-title":"Electroacupuncture decreases Netrin-1-induced myelinated afferent fiber sprouting and neuropathic pain through mu-opioid receptors.","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091846","article-title":"Electroacupuncture promotes recovery of motor function and reduces dopaminergic neuron degeneration in rodent models of parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188472","article-title":"Cell type-specific loss of BDNF signaling mimics optogenetic control of cocaine reward.","volume":"330","author":"Lobo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"392","article-title":"[Clinical observation on acupuncture for treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome].","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-4964(16)60269-60268","article-title":"Puncturing the myths of acupuncture.","volume":"14","author":"Mallory","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/s0887-8994(01)00262-4","article-title":"Basal ganglia dysfunction in tourette\u2019s syndrome: a new hypothesis.","volume":"25","author":"Mink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.05.032","article-title":"Glutamate neurons within the midbrain dopamine regions.","volume":"282","author":"Morales","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196515","article-title":"Altered dopaminergic regulation of the dorsal striatum is able to induce tic-like movements in juvenile rats.","volume":"13","author":"Nespoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.480984","article-title":"Amygdala hypersensitivity in response to emotional faces in Tourette\u2019s patients.","volume":"11","author":"Neuner","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2003.12.005","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of free radical scavenger, MCI-186, in the increase of hydroxyl radical induced by iminodipropionitrile in rats.","volume":"219","author":"Nomoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000117171","article-title":"Neurotransmitter and receptor alterations in the rat persistent dyskinesia model induced by iminodipropionitrile.","volume":"30","author":"Ogawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0027","article-title":"An overview of the treatment of Tourette\u2019s disorder and tics.","volume":"20","author":"Parraga","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.12020032","article-title":"Effectiveness of a clozapine-aripiprazole combination in Tourette syndrome and bipolar spectrum disorder.","volume":"25","author":"Piccinni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.03.023","article-title":"A behavioural test battery to investigate tic-like symptoms, stereotypies, attentional capabilities, and spontaneous locomotion in different mouse strains.","volume":"267","author":"Proietti Onori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0642","article-title":"Haloperidol ameliorates androgen-induced behavioral deficits in developing male rats.","volume":"237","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.2017.12.018","article-title":"[Origin and thought on the philosophical ideas of acupuncture in chinese medicine].","volume":"37","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of tic disorders and tourette Syndrome.","volume":"68","author":"Roessner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.08.004","article-title":"The colorful spectrum of tourette syndrome and its medical, surgical and behavioral therapies.","volume":"46","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070229","article-title":"Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward.","volume":"57","author":"Schultz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12281","article-title":"Motor control, habits, complex motor stereotypies, and tourette syndrome.","volume":"1304","author":"Singer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410120408","article-title":"Dopaminergic dsyfunction in tourette syndrome.","volume":"12","author":"Singer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21809","article-title":"Extrastriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in tourette syndrome.","volume":"67","author":"Steeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.008","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons.","volume":"30","author":"Surmeier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B73","first-page":"141","article-title":"[Clinical controlled trial on infantile tourette syndrome treated with integrated therapy of acupuncture and medicine].","volume":"35","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1238-1237","article-title":"Complex molecular regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase.","volume":"121","author":"Tekin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067219","article-title":"Evaluation of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor segregation in the developing striatum using BAC transgenic mice.","volume":"8","author":"Thibault","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22588","article-title":"Role of the sensorimotor cortex in Tourette syndrome using multimodal imaging.","volume":"35","author":"Tinaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12064","article-title":"Timing recalibration in childhood tourette syndrome associated with persistent pimozide treatment.","volume":"10","author":"Vicario","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.03.003","article-title":"Prolonged striatal disinhibition as a chronic animal model of tic disorders.","volume":"292","author":"Vinner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/385685","article-title":"Chinese medicine formula \u201cjian-pi-zhi-dong decoction\u201d attenuates tourette syndrome via downregulating the expression of dopamine transporter in mice.","volume":"2013","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Comp. Alternat Med."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.08.006","article-title":"Validity of large-deformation high dimensional brain mapping of the basal ganglia in adults with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"154","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2012.v6.4.212","article-title":"Effects of Chinese herbal medicine ningdong granule on regulating dopamine (DA)\/serotonin (5-TH) and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in patients with Tourette syndrome.","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biosci. Trends"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.09111692","article-title":"The neural circuits that generate tics in Tourette\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2003.10.013","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of reward-related motor learning.","volume":"13","author":"Wickens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5640","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9482-x","article-title":"Netrin-1 contributes to myelinated afferent fiber sprouting and neuropathic pain.","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B85","first-page":"211","article-title":"156 cases of gilles de la tourette\u2019s syndrome treated by acupuncture.","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5423961","article-title":"Acupuncture rescues cognitive impairment and upregulates dopamine-beta-hydroxylase expression in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats.","volume":"2018","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"B87","first-page":"90","article-title":"[Effects of salidroside on tic behavior of tourette syndrome model rats].","volume":"36","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2011.52.6.1016","article-title":"Analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture in an arthritic pain model of rats: a neurotransmitter study.","volume":"52","author":"Yoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1834646","article-title":"Acupuncture for tourette syndrome: a systematic review.","volume":"2016","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid Based Comp. Alternat Med."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00112","article-title":"Electroacupuncture potentiates cannabinoid receptor-mediated descending inhibitory control in a mouse model of knee osteoarthritis.","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.05.009","article-title":"Brain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: initial findings.","volume":"214","author":"Zebardast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07731","article-title":"Dual ameliorative effects of Ningdong granule on dopamine in rat models of Tourette\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2014.971455","article-title":"Dual regulating effects of gastrodin on extracellular dopamine concentration in rats models of Tourette\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.12.051","article-title":"Dual restoring effects of gastrodin on dopamine in rat models of tourette\u2019s syndrome.","volume":"588","author":"Zhang","year":"","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B95","first-page":"2535","article-title":"The experience of the old chinese medicine zhang tangfa with scalp acupuncture in treating children with tourette syndrome.","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Materia Med. Res."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/407509","article-title":"Effect of \u201cjian-pi-zhi-dong decoction\u201d on gamma-aminobutyric Acid in a mouse model of tourette syndrome.","volume":"2014","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid Based Comp. Alternat Med."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2015.01088","article-title":"Dual regulating effect of Ningdong granule on extracellular dopamine content of two kinds of Tourette\u2019s syndrome rat models.","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosci. Trends"},{"key":"B98","first-page":"115","article-title":"[Clinical study on scalp acupuncture with long needle-retained duration for treatment of Tourette syndrome].","volume":"29","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2174\/187152712800792901","article-title":"Overview of tyrosine hydroxylase in parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord. Drug Targets"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00239\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T20:53:02Z","timestamp":1611521582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00239\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00239","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"article-number":"239"}}