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The task presented New pictures thought to evoke encoding. The stimuli were then repeated up to 4 consecutive times to produce over-familiarity. These repeated stimuli served as \u201cbaseline\u201d for comparison with the other stimuli. Stimuli later reappeared after 9\u201315 intervening items, presumably associated with new encoding and recognition. Encoding-related differences in evoked response potential amplitudes and in spatiotemporal analysis were observed at 145\u2013300 ms, whereby source estimation indicated MTL and orbitofrontal activity from 145 to 205 ms. Recognition-related activity evoked by late repetitions occurred at 405\u2013470 ms, implicating the MTL and neocortical structures. These findings indicate that encoding of information is initiated before it is recognized. 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