{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T18:33:08Z","timestamp":1775673188877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal models have been utilized to explore the mechanisms by which mood disorders develop. Ethologically based stress paradigms are used to induce behavioral responses consistent with those observed in humans suffering from anxiety and depression. While mood disorders are more often diagnosed in women, animal studies are more likely to be carried out in male rodents. However, understanding the mechanisms behind anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in both sexes is necessary to increase the predictive and construct validity of the models and identify therapeutic targets. To understand sex differences following stress, we must consider how all cell types within the central nervous system are influenced by the neuroendocrine system. This review article discusses the effects of stress and sex steroids on the macroglia: astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Glia are involved in shaping the synapse through the regulation of neurotransmitter levels and energy resources, making them essential contributors to neural dynamics following stress. As the role of glia in neuromodulation has become more apparent, studies exploring the mechanisms by which glia are altered by stress and steroids will provide insight into sex differences in animal models. These insights will facilitate the optimization of animal models of psychiatric disorders and development of future therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.780190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T05:00:52Z","timestamp":1639026052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Animal Models of Anxiety and Depression: Incorporating the Underlying Mechanisms of Sex Differences in Macroglia Biology"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Wegener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gretchen N.","family":"Neigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150205","article-title":"Why is depression more prevalent in women?","volume":"40","author":"Albert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.08.006","article-title":"Signaling between glia and neurons: focus on synaptic plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2741-x","article-title":"Chronic psychosocial stress and citalopram modulate the expression of the glial proteins GFAP and NDRG2 in the hippocampus","volume":"224","author":"Araya-Call\u00eds","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.03.010","article-title":"Astrocytes as a target for neuroprotection: modulation by progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone","volume":"144","author":"Arbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.10.002","article-title":"Actions of estrogens on glial cells: Implications for neuroprotection","volume":"1800","author":"Arevalo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199905)26:3<260::AID-GLIA7>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Localization of estrogen receptor beta-immunoreactivity in astrocytes of the adult rat brain","volume":"26","author":"Azcoitia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.008","article-title":"Glial loss in the prefrontal cortex is sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors","volume":"64","author":"Banasr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.02.006","article-title":"Sex differences in the neuro-immune consequences of stress: focus on depression and anxiety","volume":"67","author":"Bekhbat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9299-y","article-title":"A lifespan approach to neuroinflammatory and cognitive disorders: a critical role for glia","volume":"7","author":"Bilbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000501885","article-title":"EAAT2 as a research target in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Blacker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90173-3","article-title":"Glial cells express both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors","volume":"40","author":"Bohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12762","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12762","article-title":"Gonadal hormones differentially regulate sex-specific stress effects on glia in the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"31","author":"Bollinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40855","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40855","article-title":"Region-specific myelin differences define behavioral consequences of chronic social defeat stress in mice","volume":"8","author":"Bonnefil","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.12.14.422686","article-title":"Juvenile exposure to acute traumatic stress leads to long-lasting alterations in grey matter myelination in adult female but not male rats","author":"Breton","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000049","article-title":"The role of early life stress in adult psychiatric disorders: a systematic review according to childhood trauma subtypes","volume":"201","author":"Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00097.2012","article-title":"Glucocorticoid treatment of astrocytes results in temporally dynamic transcriptome regulation and astrocyte-enriched mRNA changes in vitro","volume":"44","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2219-05.2006","article-title":"Proliferation and death of oligodendrocytes and myelin proteins are differentially regulated in male and female rodents","volume":"26","author":"Cerghet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507901102","article-title":"Altered cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic signal transmission with glial involvement in depression","volume":"102","author":"Choudary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101710","article-title":"White matter abnormalities in depression: a categorical and phenotypic diffusion MRI study","volume":"22","author":"Coloigner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(02)01484-2","article-title":"Evidence for sexual difference in astrocytes of adult rat hippocampus","volume":"339","author":"Conejo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.04.025","article-title":"Acute stress impairs spatial memory in male but not female rats: influence of estrous cycle","volume":"78","author":"Conrad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16273","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1465-14.2014","article-title":"Glial dysfunction in the mouse habenula causes depressive-like behaviors and sleep disturbance","volume":"34","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2009.00516.x","article-title":"Sex differences in animal models of depression and antidepressant response","volume":"106","author":"Dalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0415","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and the circadian clock","volume":"200","author":"Dickmeis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.103","article-title":"Tau-dependent suppression of adult neurogenesis in the stressed hippocampus","volume":"22","author":"Dioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00084","article-title":"Steroid transport, local synthesis and signaling within the brain: Roles in neurogenesis, neuroprotection and sexual behaviors","volume":"12","author":"Diotel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.34","article-title":"A putative functional role for oligodendrocytes in mood regulation","volume":"2","author":"Edgar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09612","article-title":"Regulation of synaptic connectivity by glia","volume":"468","author":"Eroglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.018","article-title":"Glia-neuron crosstalk in the neuroprotective mechanisms of sex steroid hormones","volume":"48","author":"Garcia-Ovejero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.10.018","article-title":"Region specific decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the brain of a rat model of depression","volume":"159","author":"Gosselin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.91","article-title":"Sex differences in glutamate receptor gene expression in major depression and suicide","volume":"20","author":"Gray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.12.005","article-title":"The tripartite synapse: roles for gliotransmission in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Halassa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.07.021","article-title":"Differential effects of ovarian steroids on anxiety versus fear as measured by open field test and fear-potentiated startle","volume":"166","author":"Hiroi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2174\/157339510791823790","article-title":"Responses of glial cells to stress and glucocorticoids","volume":"6","author":"Jauregui-Huerta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00057","article-title":"Astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) deficiency reduces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice","volume":"14","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2515","article-title":"The glutamate homeostasis hypothesis of addiction","volume":"10","author":"Kalivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-1-7","article-title":"Sex differences in hypothalamic astrocyte response to estradiol stimulation","volume":"1","author":"Kuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22533","article-title":"Widespread transcriptional alternations in oligodendrocytes in the adult mouse brain following chronic stress","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3608-15.2016","article-title":"Clemastine enhances myelination in the prefrontal cortex and rescues behavioral changes in socially isolated mice","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1009","article-title":"Nongenomic actions of steroid hormones","volume":"4","author":"L\u00f6sel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2020.100835","article-title":"Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal, but not reported NIH funding","volume":"57","author":"Mamlouk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000082141","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation and maturation is differentially regulated by male and female sex steroid hormones","volume":"26","author":"Marin-Husstege","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.003251","article-title":"Steroid modulation of astrocytes in the neonatal brain: implications for adult reproductive function","volume":"67","author":"McCarthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2006","article-title":"Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain","volume":"87","author":"McEwen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.22.040182.003011","article-title":"Gonadal steroid action on the brain: neurochemistry and neuropharmacology","volume":"22","author":"McEwen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(00)00999-9","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex distinguishes younger from older adults in major depressive disorder","volume":"48","author":"Miguel-Hidalgo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23084","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23084","article-title":"Association between chronic stress-induced structural abnormalities in Ranvier nodes and reduced oligodendrocyte activity in major depression","volume":"6","author":"Miyata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1325","article-title":"Sexual differentiation of the vertebrate nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Morris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.020","article-title":"Role of the astroglial glutamate exchanger xCT in ventral hippocampus in resilience to stress","volume":"96","author":"Nasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328x(90)90066-m","article-title":"Messenger RNA for glial fibrillary acidic protein is decreased in rat brain following acute and chronic corticosterone treatment","volume":"7","author":"Nichols","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90156-x","article-title":"Glucocorticoids regulate the concentration of glial fibrillary acidic protein throughout the brain","volume":"494","author":"O\u2019Callaghan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1386.021","article-title":"A potential role for estrogen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"1089","author":"Offner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90288-1","article-title":"Synaptic remodeling in the rat arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle","volume":"32","author":"Olmos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.07.002","article-title":"The circadian rhythm of glucocorticoids is regulated by a gating mechanism residing in the adrenal cortical clock","volume":"4","author":"Oster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0124-7","article-title":"Inflaming sex differences in mood disorders","volume":"44","author":"Rainville","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2174\/187152707780619326","article-title":"Gliogenesis and glial pathology in depression","volume":"6","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113149990156","article-title":"Astrocyte pathology in major depressive disorder: insights from human postmortem brain tissue","volume":"14","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00231","article-title":"Disruption of the glutamate-glutamine cycle involving astrocytes in an animal model of depression for males and females","volume":"10","author":"Rappeneau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.03.025","article-title":"Neurosteroids, immunosteroids and the Balkanization of endocrinology","volume":"157","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.02.018","article-title":"Sex, glia and development: interactions in health and disease","volume":"62","author":"Schwarz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8867","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103833108","article-title":"Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor-\u03b1 in astrocytes","volume":"108","author":"Spence","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.319","article-title":"Gap junction dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex induces depressive-like behaviors in rats","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21943","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of oligodendrocytes is mediated by differential regulation of signaling pathways","volume":"87","author":"Swamydas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02370.x","article-title":"17beta-estradiol protects oligodendrocytes from cytotoxicity induced cell death","volume":"89","author":"Takao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0471-z","article-title":"Evidence of decreased gap junction coupling between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the anterior cingulate cortex of depressed suicides","volume":"44","author":"Tanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465345","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/465345","article-title":"Social experience-dependent myelination: an implication for psychiatric disorders","volume":"2015","author":"Toritsuka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90805-5","article-title":"Estradiol - induced redistribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the rat brain","volume":"406","author":"Trangue","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490270315","article-title":"Type II glucocorticoid receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes","volume":"27","author":"Vielkind","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.101866","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in transcriptomic profiles and cellular characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells","volume":"46","author":"Yasuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00930-0","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte lineage cells and depression","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.780190\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T05:00:55Z","timestamp":1639026055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.780190\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.780190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.780190","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"article-number":"780190"}}