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Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nicotine enhances Pavlovian conditioned responses to reward-associated cues. We investigated through which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes nicotine acts to produce this behavioral effect to an alcohol-associated cue. Male Long-Evans rats with freely available food and water were first accustomed to drinking 15% ethanol in their home cages using an intermittent access, two-bottle choice procedure. Then the rats were given 15 Pavlovian conditioning sessions in which a 15-s audiovisual conditioned stimulus (CS) predicted the delivery of 0.2 ml of ethanol, the unconditioned stimulus (US). Each session contained 12 CS-US trials. A control group received explicitly unpaired presentations of the CS and US. We measured Pavlovian conditioned approach to the site of US delivery during presentations of the CS, accounting for pre-CS baseline activity. Before each conditioning session, rats were injected subcutaneously with nicotine (0.4 mg\/kg) or saline (1 ml\/kg). During nAChR antagonist test sessions, rats were first injected systemically with the \u03b22*-selective nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DH\u03b2E; 3 mg\/kg) or the \u03b17-selective nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA; 6 mg\/kg), followed by their assigned nicotine or saline injection before assessing their conditioned response to the alcohol-associated cue. Consistent with previous reports, nicotine enhanced the Pavlovian conditioned response to the alcohol-paired cue. DH\u03b2E attenuated this enhancement, whereas MLA did not. These results suggest that nicotine acts via \u03b22*, but not \u03b17, nAChRs to amplify Pavlovian conditioned responding to an alcohol cue. These findings contribute to a growing literature that identifies nAChRs as potential targets for pharmacological treatment of co-morbid alcohol and tobacco use disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1004368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T05:54:40Z","timestamp":1665554080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["\u03b22* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes mediate nicotine-induced enhancement of Pavlovian conditioned responding to an alcohol cue"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Maddux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel P.","family":"Kregar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.02.012","article-title":"C3-halogenation of cytisine generates potent and efficacious nicotinic receptor agonists","volume":"536","author":"Abin-Carriquiry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. 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