{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T04:48:32Z","timestamp":1793249312599,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/01766, BA21\/0030, PID2021-128862OB-100, PT20\/00044, RTI2018-098269-B-I00, PID2021-127595OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01766, BA21\/0030, PID2021-128862OB-100, PT20\/00044, RTI2018-098269-B-I00, PID2021-127595OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/01766, BA21\/0030, PID2021-128862OB-100, PID2021-127595OB-I00, RTI2018-098269-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01766, BA21\/0030, PID2021-128862OB-100, PID2021-127595OB-I00, RTI2018-098269-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006751","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB07\/09\/0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB07\/09\/0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016658","name":"Plan Nacional sobre Drogas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008062","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Alicia Koplowitz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010805","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Tatiana P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e0n el Bueno","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013278","name":"EU Joint Programme\u2013Neurodegenerative Disease Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010774","name":"Consejer\u00e0\u00ada de Educaci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEJD-2018-PRE\/BMD-7899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJD-2018-PRE\/BMD-7899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014365","name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005884","name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROMETEU\/2020\/024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROMETEU\/2020\/024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Prenatal infections are associated with an increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia. Rodent models of maternal immune stimulation (MIS) have been extensively used in preclinical studies. However, many of these studies only include males, omitting pathophysiological features unique to females. The aim of this study is to characterize the MIS model in female rats using positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MR), and neuroplasticiy studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In gestational day 15, Poly I:C (or Saline) was injected into pregnant Wistar rats to induce the MIS model.\n                    <jats:italic>Imaging studies<\/jats:italic>\n                    : [\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET scans of female-offspring were acquired at post-natal day (PND) 35 and PND100. Furthermore, T2-MR brain images were acquired in adulthood. Differences in FDG uptake and morphometry between groups were assessed with SPM12 and Regions of Interest (ROI) analyses.\n                    <jats:italic>Ex vivo study<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The density of parvalbumin expressing interneurons (PV), perineuronal nets (PNN), and parvalbumin expressing interneurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PV-PNN) were evaluated in the prelimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala using confocal microscopy. ROIs and neuroplasticity data were analyzed by 2-sample\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    -test and 2-way-ANOVA analyses, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A significant increase in brain metabolism was found in all animals at adulthood compared to adolescence. MIS hardly modified brain glucose metabolism in females, highlighting a significant hypometabolism in the thalamus at adulthood. In addition, MIS induced gray matter (GM) enlargements in the pituitary, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cingulate cortex, and GM shrinkages in some thalamic nuclei, cerebelar areas, and brainstem. Moreover, MIS induced white matter shrinkages in the cerebellum, brainstem and corpus callosum, along with cerebrospinal fluid enlargements in the lateral and 4th ventricles. Finally, MIS reduced the density of PV, PNN, and PV-PNN in the basolateral amygdala.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Our work showed\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    the differential pattern of functional and morphometric affectation in the MIS model in females, as well as the deficits caused at the synaptic level according to sex. The differences obtained highlight the relevance of including both sexes in psychiatric research in order to consider their pathophysiological particularities and successfully extend the benefits obtained to the entire patient population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1022622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T14:44:05Z","timestamp":1672929845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Poly I:C maternal immune stimulation model shows unique patterns of brain metabolism, morphometry, and plasticity in female rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Casquero-Veiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Lamanna-Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Romero-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henar","family":"Rojas-Marquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Alcaide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Nacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Desco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Soto-Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2010.515205","article-title":"Sex differences in schizophrenia","volume":"22","author":"Abel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02439-4","article-title":"Sex differences in schizophrenia: a longitudinal methylome analysis","volume":"129","author":"Adanty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0302","article-title":"How to estimate global activity independent of changes in local activity","volume":"6","author":"Andersson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825816","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.825816","article-title":"Astrocytes as key regulators of brain energy metabolism: new therapeutic perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Beard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00041","article-title":"Commentary: Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo","volume":"10","author":"Bernstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.06.012","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation improves behavior and modulates neural circuits in a rodent model of schizophrenia","volume":"283","author":"Bikovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.12.020","article-title":"Neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia: a multimodal voxelwise meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"127","author":"Bora","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.12.040","article-title":"Individual differences in maternal response to immune challenge predict offspring behavior: contribution of environmental factors","volume":"220","author":"Bronson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02327-3","article-title":"Coherence and cognition in the cortex: the fundamental role of parvalbumin, myelin and the perineuronal net","volume":"226","author":"Bucher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.222","article-title":"Maternal immune activation leads to selective functional deficits in offspring parvalbumin interneurons","volume":"21","author":"Canetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10738584221106346","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584221106346","article-title":"Perineuronal nets: subtle structures with large implications","author":"Carceller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0291-20.2020","article-title":"Perineuronal nets regulate the inhibitory perisomatic input onto parvalbumin interneurons and \u03b3 activity in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"40","author":"Carceller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.10.020","article-title":"Maternal immune activation and autism spectrum disorder: from rodents to nonhuman and human primates","volume":"81","author":"Careaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.05.002","article-title":"Risperidone administered during adolescence induced metabolic, anatomical and inflammatory\/oxidative changes in adult brain: a PET and MRI study in the maternal immune stimulation animal model","volume":"29","author":"Casquero-Veiga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.02.001","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids during adolescence prevent schizophrenia-related behavioural deficits: neurophysiological evidences from the prenatal viral infection with PolyI:C","volume":"46","author":"Casquero-Veiga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111473","article-title":"Role of glial cells in the generation of sex differences in neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging","volume":"196","author":"Chowen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.02.014","article-title":"Ventricular enlargement and progressive reduction of cortical gray matter are linked in prodromal youth who develop psychosis","volume":"189","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25167","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic perineuronal nets in the rodent and primate reproductive circuit","volume":"529","author":"Ciccarelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.009","article-title":"Effects of early or late prenatal immune activation in mice on behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in the adulthood","volume":"58","author":"da Silveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e569","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.60","article-title":"Altered functional brain network connectivity and glutamate system function in transgenic mice expressing truncated disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1","volume":"5","author":"Dawson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0458-9","article-title":"Experimental design and analysis for consideration of sex as a biological variable","volume":"44","author":"Diester","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.11.008","article-title":"Poly(I:C) model of schizophrenia in rats induces sex-dependent functional brain changes detected by MRI that are not reversed by aripiprazole treatment","volume":"137","author":"Drazanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.09.006","article-title":"Increased white matter neuron density in a rat model of maternal immune activation - implications for schizophrenia","volume":"65","author":"Duchatel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq142","article-title":"The thalamic reticular nucleus and schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Ferrarelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173895","article-title":"Gender-specific approach in psychiatric diseases: because sex matters","volume":"896","author":"Franceschini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx067","article-title":"Differential patterns of subcortical activity evoked by glial GLT-1 blockade in prelimbic and infralimbic cortex: relationship to antidepressant-like effects in rats","volume":"20","author":"Gasull-Cam\u00f3s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615356","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/615356","article-title":"A role for estrogen in schizophrenia: clinical and preclinical findings","volume":"2015","author":"Gogos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14671","article-title":"Sex differences in the effect of maternal immune activation on cognitive and psychosis-like behaviour in Long Evans rats","volume":"52","author":"Gogos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.010","article-title":"Early life stress drives sex-selective impairment in reversal learning by affecting parvalbumin interneurons in orbitofrontal cortex of mice","volume":"25","author":"Goodwill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-022-01723-3","article-title":"Immune activation in pregnant rats affects brain glucose consumption, anxiety-like behaviour and recognition memory in their male offspring","volume":"24","author":"Guerrin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00291","article-title":"Neuroanatomical and symptomatic sex differences in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"8","author":"Guma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102868","article-title":"Subtle alterations in neonatal neurodevelopment following early or late exposure to prenatal maternal immune activation in mice","volume":"32","author":"Guma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.52","article-title":"Early neuromodulation prevents the development of brain and behavioral abnormalities in a rodent model of schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Hadar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.05.010","article-title":"Using a maternal immune stimulation model of schizophrenia to study behavioral and neurobiological alterations over the developmental course","volume":"166","author":"Hadar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4530(02)00125-7","article-title":"Gender differences in schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Hafner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4530(02)00124-5","article-title":"Hormonal aspects of schizophrenias: an overview","volume":"28","author":"Halbreich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199210000-00012","article-title":"Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-labelled nets surround parvalbumin-containing neurons","volume":"3","author":"H\u00e4rtig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00013","article-title":"Prenatal immune challenge in mice leads to partly sex-dependent behavioral, microglial and molecular abnormalities associated with schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Hui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28218","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226092","article-title":"Therapeutic targets for neurodevelopmental disorders emerging from animal models with perinatal immune activation","volume":"16","author":"Ibi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769969","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.769969","article-title":"A case for thalamic mechanisms of schizophrenia: perspective from modeling 22q11.2 deletion syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01386.x","article-title":"Animal models of schizophrenia","volume":"164","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.08.005","article-title":"The interneuron energy hypothesis: implications for brain disease","volume":"90","author":"Kann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733989","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2021.733989","article-title":"Parvalbumin interneurons and perineuronal nets in the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex of adult male mice after early social isolation stress and perinatal NMDA receptor antagonist treatment","volume":"13","author":"Klimczak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"8","article-title":"Sex differences in antipsychotic related metabolic functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"47","author":"Kraal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.09.011","article-title":"Maternal immune activation during pregnancy impacts on brain structure and function in the adult offspring","volume":"83","author":"Kreitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsp052","article-title":"Type I and type II error concerns in fMRI research: re-balancing the scale","volume":"4","author":"Lieberman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0437","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0437-18.2019","article-title":"Maternal immune activation during pregnancy alters the behavior profile of female offspring of sprague dawley rats","volume":"6","author":"Lins","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0471","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of brain energy metabolism and their relevance to functional brain imaging","volume":"354","author":"Magistretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11121279","article-title":"Psychosis in women: time for personalized treatment","volume":"11","author":"Mazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.09.012","article-title":"Adult brain and behavioral pathological markers of prenatal immune challenge during early\/middle and late fetal development in mice","volume":"22","author":"Meyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21326","article-title":"Abnormal asymmetry of white matter integrity in schizophrenia revealed by voxelwise diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"33","author":"Miyata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119875979","article-title":"Sex influences in the preventive effects of N-acetylcysteine in a two-hit animal model of schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Monte","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.057","article-title":"Two-hit model of schizophrenia induced by neonatal immune activation and peripubertal stress in rats: Study of sex differences and brain oxidative alterations","volume":"331","author":"Monte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679960","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.679960","article-title":"The role of parvalbumin interneurons in neurotransmitter balance and neurological disease","volume":"12","author":"Nahar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.06.030","article-title":"Pituitary gland volume in patients with schizophrenia, subjects at ultra high-risk of developing psychosis and healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Nordholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23982128211009148","DOI":"10.1177\/23982128211009148","article-title":"Astrocytes in schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Notter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Neurosci. Adv."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916198","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/916198","article-title":"Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"2012","author":"Ochoa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res. Treat."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.196","article-title":"Extracellular matrix-glial abnormalities in the amygdala and entorhinal cortex of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia","volume":"67","author":"Pantazopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107084020","article-title":"Pituitary volume in psychosis: the first review of the evidence","volume":"22","author":"Pariante","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.1.5","article-title":"Pituitary volume in psychosis","volume":"185","author":"Pariante","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-008-0166-z","article-title":"Automated method for small-animal PET image registration with intrinsic validation","volume":"11","author":"Pascau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.08.021","article-title":"Maturation- and sex-sensitive depression of hippocampal excitatory transmission in a rat schizophrenia model","volume":"51","author":"Patrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B63","volume-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2008"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37580","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37580","article-title":"Developmental disruption of perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex after maternal immune activation","volume":"6","author":"Paylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000410","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000410","article-title":"The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"18","author":"Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689473","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.689473","article-title":"The neurometabolic basis of mood instability: the parvalbumin interneuron link-A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Pinna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.06.007","article-title":"Abnormal trajectories of neurodevelopment and behavior following in utero insult in the rat","volume":"70","author":"Piontkewitz","year":"","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq040","article-title":"Risperidone administered during asymptomatic period of adolescence prevents the emergence of brain structural pathology and behavioral abnormalities in an animal model of schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Piontkewitz","year":"","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.04.019","article-title":"Tracing the development of psychosis and its prevention: what can be learned from animal models","volume":"62","author":"Piontkewitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.12.001","article-title":"Reduced hippocampal volume and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function in first episode psychosis: evidence for sex differences","volume":"7","author":"Pruessner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.04.048","article-title":"Sex differences in diazepam effects and parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons in trait anxiety Long Evans rats","volume":"270","author":"Ravenelle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.00011.x","article-title":"Gender aspects in schizophrenia: bridging the border between social and biological psychiatry","volume":"407","author":"Riecher-Rossler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab036","article-title":"A characterization of the effects of minocycline treatment during adolescence on structural, metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in a maternal immune stimulation model of neurodevelopmental brain disorders","volume":"24","author":"Romero-Miguel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00168","article-title":"Heightened fear in response to a safety cue and extinguished fear cue in a rat model of maternal immune activation","volume":"8","author":"Sangha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.08.008","article-title":"Statistical normalization techniques for magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"6","author":"Shinohara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/378176a0","article-title":"A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"378","author":"Silbersweig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-014-0753-0","article-title":"Response to deep brain stimulation in the lateral hypothalamic area in a rat model of obesity: in vivo assessment of brain glucose metabolism","volume":"16","author":"Soto-Montenegro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0563-0","article-title":"Hypermetabolic pattern in frontal cortex and other brain regions in unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Results from a FDG-PET study","volume":"255","author":"Soyka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686967","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.686967","article-title":"Sex-related differences in white matter asymmetry and its implications for verbal working memory in psychosis high-risk state","volume":"12","author":"Steinmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.05.027","article-title":"Thalamus-related anomalies as candidate mechanism-based biomarkers for psychosis","volume":"226","author":"Steullet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01612","article-title":"Alterations of astrocytes in the context of schizophrenic dementia","volume":"10","author":"Tarasov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172200174X","article-title":"Brain glucose metabolism in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18FDG-PET studies in schizophrenia","author":"Townsend","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.11.005","article-title":"Evaluation of factors influencing 18F-FET uptake in the brain","volume":"17","author":"Verger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2014.10.007","article-title":"Prenatal immune challenge in rats: effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid on spatial learning, prepulse inhibition, conditioned fear and responses to MK-801 and amphetamine","volume":"47","author":"Vorhees","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13059","article-title":"Sex-differential associations between cognitive impairments and white matter abnormalities in first episode and drug-naive schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.05.040","article-title":"Differential effects of maternal immune activation and juvenile stress on anxiety-like behaviour and physiology in adult rats: no evidence for the \u201cdouble-hit hypothesis\u201d","volume":"224","author":"Yee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab093","article-title":"A comparative multimodal meta-analysis of anisotropy and volume abnormalities in white matter in people suffering from bipolar disorder or schizophrenia","volume":"48","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300248","article-title":"Immune activation during pregnancy in rats leads to a postpubertal emergence of disrupted latent inhibition, dopaminergic hyperfunction and altered limbic morphology in the offspring: a novel neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1022622\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T09:40:01Z","timestamp":1673948401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1022622\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1022622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1022622","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"article-number":"1022622"}}