{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:19:53Z","timestamp":1787026793315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008914","name":"Ontario Brain Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Growing studies indicate that vigilance states and circadian rhythms can influence seizure occurrence in patients with epilepsy and rodent models of epilepsy. Electrical kindling, referred to brief, repeated stimulations of a limbic structure, is a commonly used model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Kindling\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    the classic protocol lasting a few weeks does not generally induce spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), but extended kindling that applies over the course of a few months has shown to induce SRS in several animal species. Kindling-induced SRS in monkeys and cats were observed mainly during resting wakefulness or sleep, but the behavioral activities associated with SRS in rodent models of extended kindling remain unknown. We aimed to add information in this area using a mouse model of extended hippocampal kindling. Middle-aged C57 black mice experienced \u226580 hippocampal stimulations (delivered twice daily) and then underwent continuous 24 h electroencephalography (EEG)-video monitoring for SRS detection. SRS were recognized by EEG discharges and associated motor seizures. The five stages of the modified Racine scale for mice were used to score motor seizure severities. Seizure-preceding behaviors were assessed in a 3 min period prior to seizure onset and categorized as active and inactive. Three main observations emerged from the present analysis. (1) SRS were found to predominantly manifest as generalized (stage 3\u20135) motor seizures in association with tail erection or Straub tail. (2) SRS occurrences were not significantly altered by the light on\/off cycle. (3) Generalized (stage 3\u20135) motor seizures were mainly preceded by inactive behaviors such as immobility, standing still, or apparent sleep without evident volitional movement. Considering deeper subcortical structures implicated in genesis of tail erection in other seizure models, we postulate that genesis of generalized motor seizures in extended kindled mice may involve deeper subcortical structures. Our present data together with previous findings from post-status epilepticus models support the notion that ambient cage behaviors are strong influencing factors of SRS occurrence in rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1076718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:08:29Z","timestamp":1671761309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Convulsive behaviors of spontaneous recurrent seizures in a mouse model of extended hippocampal kindling"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anya","family":"Zahra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Aloysius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(98)00092-8","article-title":"The course of untreated seizures in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy.","volume":"34","author":"Arida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10432","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.19.10432","article-title":"Apoptosis and proliferation of dentate gyrus neurons after single and intermittent limbic seizures.","volume":"94","author":"Bengzon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91192-4","article-title":"The evolution of a rat model of chronic spontaneous limbic seizures.","volume":"661","author":"Bertram","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00172","article-title":"Continuous monitoring via tethered electroencephalography of spontaneous recurrent seizures in mice.","volume":"11","author":"Bin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.08.008","article-title":"Epilepsy induced by extended amygdala-kindling in rats: Lack of clear association between development of spontaneous seizures and neuronal damage.","volume":"62","author":"Brandt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1991.tb05533.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of pilocarpine in rats: Structural damage of the brain triggers kindling and spontaneous recurrent seizures.","volume":"32","author":"Cavalheiro","year":"1991","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-05-03106.1994","article-title":"Neuronal loss induced in limbic pathways by kindling: Evidence for induction of hippocampal sclerosis by repeated brief seizures.","volume":"14","author":"Cavazos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.06.067","article-title":"Resveratrol protects neurons from cannulae implantation injury: Implications for deep brain stimulation.","volume":"222","author":"Constant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20589","article-title":"Structural plasticity of dentate granule cell mossy fibers during the development of limbic epilepsy.","volume":"20","author":"Danzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00041-9","article-title":"Chapter 40-Post-status epilepticus models: Systemic kainic acid","author":"Dudek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Models of seizures and epilepsy"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)00043-5","article-title":"Introduction to temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"26","author":"Engel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.02.013","article-title":"Challenges in the pharmacological management of epilepsy and its causes in the elderly.","volume":"106","author":"Ferlazzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369454-6\/50074-1","article-title":"Mouse models in aging research","author":"Flurkey","year":"2007","journal-title":"The mouse in biomedical research"},{"key":"B14","author":"Franklin","year":"1997","journal-title":"The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.04.007","article-title":"Sleep, oscillations, interictal discharges, and seizures in human focal epilepsy.","volume":"127","author":"Frauscher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.03.008","article-title":"Cyclicity of spontaneous recurrent seizures in pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rat.","volume":"205","author":"Goffin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00044-4","article-title":"Chapter 43-Post-status epilepticus models: Electrical stimulation","author":"Gorter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Models of seizures and epilepsy"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2001.01428.x","article-title":"Progression of spontaneous seizures after status epilepticus is associated with mossy fiber sprouting and extensive bilateral loss of hilar parvalbumin and somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons.","volume":"13","author":"Gorter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(84)90223-1","article-title":"Relationships between triggered seizures, spontaneous seizures, and interictal spiking in the kindling model of epilepsy.","volume":"84","author":"Gotman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107735","article-title":"Bidirectional relationships of sleep and epilepsy in adults with epilepsy.","volume":"116","author":"Grigg-Damberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(92)90257-W","article-title":"Kindling in developing animals: Interactions between ipsilateral foci.","volume":"68","author":"Haas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(98)00127-2","article-title":"Spontaneous motor seizures of rats with kainate-induced epilepsy: Effect of time of day and activity state.","volume":"35","author":"Hellier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00042-0","author":"Henshall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Models of seizures and epilepsy"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02580.x","article-title":"Evidence of secondary epileptogenesis in amygdaloid overkindled cats: Electroclinical documentation of spontaneous seizures.","volume":"34","author":"Hiyoshi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.10.074","article-title":"Novel anticonvulsive effects of progesterone in a mouse model of hippocampal electrical kindling.","volume":"257","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.05.005","article-title":"Bimodal ultradian seizure periodicity in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"19","author":"Karafin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00464-1","article-title":"Cycles in epilepsy.","volume":"17","author":"Karoly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00043-2","article-title":"The pilocarpine model of acquired epilepsy","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Models of seizures and epilepsy"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30335-1","article-title":"Circadian rhythm and epilepsy.","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00262","article-title":"Recurrent synapses and circuits in the CA3 region of the Hippocampus: An associative network.","volume":"7","author":"Le Duigou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.01.004","article-title":"Chronobiology of limbic seizures: Potential mechanisms and prospects of chronotherapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"98","author":"Leite G\u00f3es Gitai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.738986","article-title":"Clustering of spontaneous recurrent seizures in a mouse model of extended hippocampal kindling.","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01077","article-title":"Impaired spatial learning and memory in middle-aged mice with kindling-induced spontaneous recurrent seizures.","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgab004","article-title":"Electrographic features of spontaneous recurrent seizures in a mouse model of extended hippocampal kindling.","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex Commun."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.05.016","article-title":"Fit for purpose application of currently existing animal models in the discovery of novel epilepsy therapies.","volume":"126","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"303","article-title":"Kindling model of epilepsy.","volume":"44","author":"McNamara","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00155-3","article-title":"Development of spontaneous seizures over extended electrical kindling. I. Electrographic, behavioral, and transfer kindling correlates.","volume":"793","author":"Michalakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01277-O","article-title":"Development of spontaneous seizures over extended electrical kindling. II. Persistence of dentate inhibitory suppression.","volume":"670","author":"Milgram","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.03.003","article-title":"Pedunculopontine neurons are involved in network changes in the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"23","author":"Nolte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.12.005","article-title":"24-hour rhythmicity of seizures in refractory focal epilepsy.","volume":"55","author":"Nzwalo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.05.028","article-title":"Gender and age influence in daytime and nighttime seizure occurrence in epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis.","volume":"50","author":"Passarelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(78)90145-0","article-title":"Electrode placement and kindling-induced experimental epilepsy.","volume":"58","author":"Pinel","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(78)90133-4","article-title":"Experimental epileptogenesis: Kindling-induced epilepsy in rats.","volume":"58","author":"Pinel","year":"","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13795","article-title":"Circadian clustering of spontaneous epileptic seizures emerges after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.","volume":"58","author":"Pitsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-1281(97)80010-4","article-title":"Apoptotic and necrotic cell death following kindling induced seizures.","volume":"99","author":"Pretel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00202.x","article-title":"Effects of circadian regulation and rest-activity state on spontaneous seizures in a rat model of limbic epilepsy.","volume":"41","author":"Quigg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430609","article-title":"Temporal distribution of partial seizures: Comparison of an animal model with human partial epilepsy.","volume":"43","author":"Quigg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(72)90177-0","article-title":"Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation. II. Motor seizure.","volume":"32","author":"Racine","year":"1972","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100025117","article-title":"Afterdischarge thresholds and kindling rates in dorsal and ventral Hippocampus and dentate gyrus.","volume":"4","author":"Racine","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01108.x","article-title":"Seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid epilepsy model: Characterization using long-term video-EEG monitoring in the rat.","volume":"119","author":"Raedt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.05.084","article-title":"The roles of blood-derived macrophages and resident microglia in the neuroinflammatory response to implanted intracortical microelectrodes.","volume":"35","author":"Ravikumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4488-10.2011","article-title":"Development and persistence of limbic epileptogenesis are impaired in mice lacking progesterone receptors.","volume":"31","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.01.009","article-title":"Ganaxolone suppression of behavioral and electrographic seizures in the mouse amygdala kindling model.","volume":"89","author":"Reddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02759.2003","article-title":"Spontaneous seizures and loss of axo-axonic and axo-somatic inhibition induced by repeated brief seizures in kindled rats.","volume":"23","author":"Sayin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00480.x","article-title":"Hypersalivation in temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"47","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90867-B","article-title":"The ontogeny of feline temporal lobe epilepsy: Kindling a spontaneous seizure disorder in kittens.","volume":"525","author":"Shouse","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22169","article-title":"Morphological changes among hippocampal dentate granule cells exposed to early kindling-epileptogenesis.","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00451","article-title":"Effects of antiepileptic drugs on spontaneous recurrent seizures in a novel model of extended hippocampal kindling in mice.","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13455","article-title":"Circadian and ultradian patterns of epileptiform discharges differ by seizure-onset location during long-term ambulatory intracranial monitoring.","volume":"57","author":"Spencer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibror.2017.08.001","article-title":"Susceptibility to hippocampal kindling seizures is increased in aging C57 black mice.","volume":"3","author":"Stover","year":"2017","journal-title":"IBRO Rep."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00055-9","article-title":"Kindling: A model and phenomenon of epilepsy","author":"Sutula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Models of seizures and epilepsy"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.12.021","article-title":"Diurnal variations in depression-like behavior of Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats in the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"20","author":"Tchekalarova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002666","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy.","volume":"86","author":"Tinuper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00009-2","article-title":"Chapter 9-Behavioral characterization and scoring of seizures in rodents","author":"Vel\u00ed\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Models of seizures and epilepsy"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.3.273","article-title":"Spontaneous recurrent seizure state induced by daily electric amygdaloid stimulation in Senegalese baboons (Papiopapio).","volume":"26","author":"Wada","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710002062X","article-title":"Recurrent spontaneous seizure state induced by prefrontal kindling in Senegalese baboons, Papio papio.","volume":"2","author":"Wada","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1974.tb04022.x","article-title":"Persistent seizure susceptibility and recurrent spontaneous seizures in kindled cats.","volume":"15","author":"Wada","year":"1974","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00040-7","article-title":"Tetanus toxin","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Models of seizures and epilepsy"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(79)90233-4","article-title":"Behavioral analysis of amygdala kindling in beagle dogs and the effects of clonazepam, diazepam, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, and flunarizine on seizure manifestation.","volume":"64","author":"Wauquier","year":"1979","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.11.049","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the tissue response to chronically implanted microwire electrodes in rat cortex.","volume":"31","author":"Winslow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1076718\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T02:08:38Z","timestamp":1671761318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1076718\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1076718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1076718","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"article-number":"1076718"}}