{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:26:09Z","timestamp":1792175169107,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":218,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current clinical literature and supporting animal literature have shown that repeated and profound early-life adversity, especially when experienced within the caregiver\u2013infant dyad, disrupts the trajectory of brain development to induce later-life expression of maladaptive behavior and pathology. What is less well understood is the immediate impact of repeated adversity during early life with the caregiver, especially since attachment to the caregiver occurs regardless of the quality of care the infant received including experiences of trauma. The focus of the present manuscript is to review the current literature on infant trauma within attachment, with an emphasis on animal research to define mechanisms and translate developmental child research. Across species, the effects of repeated trauma with the attachment figure, are subtle in early life, but the presence of acute stress can uncover some pathology, as was highlighted by Bowlby and Ainsworth in the 1950s. Through rodent neurobehavioral literature we discuss the important role of repeated elevations in stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in infancy, especially if paired with the mother (not when pups are alone) as targeting the amygdala and causal in infant pathology. We also show that following induced alterations, at baseline infants appear stable, although acute stress hormone elevation uncovers pathology in brain circuits important in emotion, social behavior, and fear. We suggest that a comprehensive understanding of the role of stress hormones during infant typical development and elevated CORT disruption of this typical development will provide insight into age-specific identification of trauma effects, as well as a better understanding of early markers of later-life pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.882464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T04:53:21Z","timestamp":1658465601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Neurobiology of Infant Attachment-Trauma and Disruption of Parent\u2013Infant Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nimra","family":"Naeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseanna M.","family":"Zanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Urquieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina M.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.12.034","article-title":"The neurobiology of human allomaternal care; implications for fathering, coparenting, and children\u2019s social development.","volume":"193","author":"Abraham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00657.x","article-title":"Adult attachment, parent emotion, and observed parenting behavior: mediator and moderator models [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].","volume":"75","author":"Adam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2307\/1127388","article-title":"Attachment, exploration, and separation: illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation.","volume":"41","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1970","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B4","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1978","journal-title":"Patterns of Attachment : a Psychological Study of the Strange Situation."},{"key":"B5","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Traumatic Relationships and Serious Mental Disorders."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.20.3.29210.1176\/jnp.2008.20.3.292","article-title":"Preliminary evidence for sensitive periods in the effect of childhood sexual abuse on regional brain development.","volume":"20","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730902814762","article-title":"The first 10,000 adult attachment interviews: distributions of adult attachment representations in clinical and non-clinical groups [Peer Reviewed].","volume":"11","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2403","article-title":"Transitions in infant learning are modulated by dopamine in the amygdala.","volume":"12","author":"Barr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1037\/h0061176","article-title":"Effects of early experience upon the behavior of animals.","volume":"51","author":"Beach","year":"1954","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03214034","article-title":"The relative effectiveness of an inanimate stimulus and a live surrogate during imprinting in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica.","volume":"4","author":"Beaver","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anim. Learn. Behav."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/9.8.541","article-title":"Infant-parent attachment: definition, types, antecedents, measurement and outcome.","volume":"9","author":"Benoit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.x","article-title":"What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?","volume":"48","author":"Bittner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00483","article-title":"The impact of early amygdala damage on juvenile rhesus macaque social behavior [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].","volume":"25","author":"Bliss-Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2019.1695041","article-title":"Maternal depression, anxiety, stress, and maternal-infant attachment in the neonatal intensive care unit.","volume":"38","author":"Bonacquisti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Infant Psychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E9465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712022114","article-title":"Neurobiology of culturally common maternal responses to infant cry.","volume":"114","author":"Bornstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2014.04.007","article-title":"Maternal sensitivity and infant autonomic and endocrine stress responses.","volume":"90","author":"Bosquet Enlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.99.415.265","article-title":"Some pathological processes set in train by early mother-child separation.","volume":"99","author":"Bowlby","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Ment. Sci."},{"key":"B18","first-page":"350","article-title":"The nature of the child\u2019s tie to his mother.","volume":"39","author":"Bowlby","year":"1958","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychoanal."},{"key":"B19","author":"Bowlby","year":"1965","journal-title":"Attachment."},{"key":"B20","author":"Bowlby","year":"1969","journal-title":"Attachment and Loss."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1651","article-title":"Genes, Environments, and Time: the Biology of Adversity and Resilience.","volume":"147","author":"Boyce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2019.104662","article-title":"The behavioral neuroendocrinology of maternal behavior: past accomplishments and future directions.","volume":"120","author":"Bridges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23001","article-title":"Trajectories of childhood anxiety disorders in two generations at high risk.","volume":"37","author":"Bushnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095727","article-title":"Using a Developmental Ecology Framework to Align Fear Neurobiology Across Species.","volume":"15","author":"Callaghan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.02.001","article-title":"Decreased Amygdala Reactivity to Parent Cues Protects Against Anxiety Following Early Adversity: an Examination Across 3 Years.","volume":"4","author":"Callaghan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022008","article-title":"Maternal separation results in early emergence of adult-like fear and extinction learning in infant rats.","volume":"125","author":"Callaghan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.204","article-title":"The Neuro-Environmental Loop of Plasticity: A CrossSpecies Analysis of Parental Effects on Emotion Circuitry Development Following Typical and Adverse Caregiving.","volume":"41","author":"Callaghan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420210103","article-title":"Changes in the categorization of appetitive and aversive events during postnatal development of the rat.","volume":"21","author":"Camp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B29","first-page":"381","article-title":"Parental bonding and mental health in adolescence.","volume":"32","author":"Canetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03814-7","article-title":"Oxytocin neurons enable social transmission of maternal behaviour.","volume":"596","author":"Carcea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300375","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor and perceived earlylife stress in depressed patients and healthy control subjects.","volume":"29","author":"Carpenter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20783","article-title":"Transitional and translational studies of risk for anxiety.","volume":"28","author":"Casey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.8.3.275","article-title":"Unsolvable fear, trauma, and psychopathology: theory, research, and clinical considerations related to disorganized attachment across the life span [Peer Reviewed].","volume":"8","author":"Cassidy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23023","article-title":"Postnatal development of the amygdala: a stereological study in macaque monkeys.","volume":"520","author":"Chareyron","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000875","article-title":"Perceived Social Support and Children\u2019s Physiological Responses to Stress: an Examination of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis.","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.08.006","article-title":"Early life trauma predicts self-reported levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms in nonclinical community adults: relative contributions of early life stressor types and adult trauma exposure.","volume":"47","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199505000-00008","article-title":"A developmental psychopathology perspective on child abuse and neglect.","volume":"34","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2021.103420","article-title":"Depression and learning problems in children: executive function impairments and inattention as mediators.","volume":"220","author":"Ciuhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000462","article-title":"Social buffering of plasma corticosterone and amygdala responses of young rats following exposure to periorbital shock: implications for eyeblink conditioning development.","volume":"135","author":"Claflin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0093-18.2018","article-title":"Maternal regulation of pups\u2019 cortical activity: role of serotonergic signaling.","volume":"5","author":"Courtiol","year":"2018","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13186","article-title":"Practitioner Review: anxiety disorders in children and young people - assessment and treatment.","volume":"61","author":"Creswell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01884-6","article-title":"The effects of psychological treatments of depression in children and adolescents on response, reliable change, and deterioration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.06.008","article-title":"The three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience: toward understanding adaptation to early-life adversity outcome [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].","volume":"38","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.09.007","article-title":"Oxytocin receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell are involved in the consolidation of maternal memory in postpartum rats.","volume":"59","author":"D\u2019Cunha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.10.008","article-title":"Stress, genes and the mechanism of programming the brain for later life.","volume":"29","author":"de Kloet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2017.08.010","article-title":"Separable Effects of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Adaptive Functioning on Amygdala Connectivity During Emotion Processing.","volume":"3","author":"Demers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1126\/science.142.3596.1192","article-title":"Behavior of Adult Rats Is Modified by the Experiences Their Mothers Had as Infants.","volume":"142","author":"Denenberg","year":"1963","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.08.050","article-title":"Unraveling the miswired connectome: a developmental perspective.","volume":"83","author":"Di Martino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.04.008","article-title":"Quotidian resilience: exploring mechanisms that drive resilience from a perspective of everyday stress and coping.","volume":"35","author":"DiCorcia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21547","article-title":"Phenotypic outcomes in adolescence and adulthood in the scarcity-adversity model of low nesting resources outside the home cage.","volume":"59","author":"Doherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B51","author":"Dollard","year":"1950","journal-title":"Pesonality and Psychotherapy."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001364","article-title":"Frequency of Anxiety, Depression, and Irritability Symptoms in Children During the COVID-19 Outbreak and Potential Risk Factors Associated With These Symptoms.","volume":"209","author":"Donmez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.10.007","article-title":"When mothering goes awry: challenges and opportunities for utilizing evidence across rodent, nonhuman primate and human studies to better define the biological consequences of negative early caregiving.","volume":"77","author":"Drury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4819","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.237453","article-title":"Postnatal development of electrophysiological properties of principal neurons in the rat basolateral amygdala.","volume":"590","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420000887","article-title":"Hidden talents in harsh environments.","volume":"34","author":"Ellis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.06.007","article-title":"Becoming a mother-circuit plasticity underlying maternal behavior.","volume":"35","author":"Elyada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1563529","article-title":"Perinatal depression, PTSD, and trauma: impact on mother\u2013infant attachment and interventions to mitigate the transmission of risk.","volume":"31","author":"Erickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2008.12.005","article-title":"The emergence of mother\u2013infant co-regulation during the first year: links to infants\u2019 developmental status and attachment.","volume":"32","author":"Evans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infant Behav. Dev."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.02.019","article-title":"A Hypothalamic Midbrain Pathway Essential for Driving Maternal Behaviors.","volume":"98","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1330.011","article-title":"Epigenetic programming of stress responses through variations in maternal care.","volume":"1036","author":"Fish","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B61","author":"Fisher","year":"1955","journal-title":"The Effects of Differential Early Treatment on the Social and Exploratory Behavior of Puppies."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12835","article-title":"Hidden talents in harsh conditions? A preregistered study of memory and reasoning about social dominance.","volume":"23","author":"Frankenhuis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00813.2000","article-title":"Developmental changes in eye-blink conditioning and neuronal activity in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus.","volume":"20","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20319","article-title":"Neuroendocrine dysregulation following early social deprivation in children.","volume":"50","author":"Fries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/cad.20166","article-title":"Sensitive Periods of Emotion Regulation: influences of Parental Care on Frontoamygdala Circuitry and Plasticity.","volume":"2016","author":"Gee","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Dir. Child Adolesc. Dev."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614550878","article-title":"Maternal buffering of human amygdala-prefrontal circuitry during childhood but not during adolescence.","volume":"25","author":"Gee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.021","article-title":"Prevalence and Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Conduct Problems in US Children.","volume":"206","author":"Ghandour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19060650","article-title":"Age Differences in the Neural Correlates of Anxiety Disorders: an fMRI Study of Response to Learned Threat.","volume":"177","author":"Gold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2015.09.006","article-title":"Implications of newborn amygdala connectivity for fear and cognitive development at 6-months-of-age.","volume":"18","author":"Graham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2014.09.005","article-title":"The potential of infant fMRI research and the study of early life stress as a promising exemplar.","volume":"12","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499002205","article-title":"The effects of neonatal stress on brain development: implications for psychopathology.","volume":"11","author":"Graham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2017.1354040","article-title":"Disorganized attachment in infancy: a review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers.","volume":"19","author":"Granqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders.","volume":"67","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.t01-1-00102","article-title":"Experience effects on brain development: possible contributions to psychopathology.","volume":"44","author":"Grossman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2016.06.018","article-title":"When in infancy does the \u201cfear bias\u201d develop?","volume":"153","author":"Grossmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child Psychol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420170605","article-title":"A specialization of taste aversion learning during suckling and its weaning-associated transformation.","volume":"17","author":"Gubernick","year":"1984","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085605","article-title":"The neurobiology of stress and development.","volume":"58","author":"Gunnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1301.024","article-title":"Integrating neuroscience and psychological approaches in the study of early experiences [Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.].","volume":"1008","author":"Gunnar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616680612","article-title":"Social Buffering of Stress in Development: a Career Perspective.","volume":"12","author":"Gunnar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(01)00045-2","article-title":"Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development.","volume":"27","author":"Gunnar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060330","article-title":"Bringing basic research on early experience and stress neurobiology to bear on preventive interventions for neglected and maltreated children [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review].","volume":"18","author":"Gunnar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2015.1070198","article-title":"Parental buffering of fear and stress neurobiology: reviewing parallels across rodent, monkey, and human models.","volume":"10","author":"Gunnar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.06.025","article-title":"Prenatal stress disrupts social behavior, cortical neurobiology and commensal microbes in adult male offspring.","volume":"359","author":"Gur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00020-1","article-title":"Discriminating depression and anxiety in youth: a role for diagnostic criteria.","volume":"39","author":"Gurley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003348","article-title":"Heightened connectivity between the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex as a biomarker for stressrelated psychopathology: understanding interactive effects of early and more recent stress.","volume":"48","author":"Hanson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.04.020","article-title":"Behavioral problems after early life stress: contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].","volume":"77","author":"Hanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3373.421","article-title":"Affectional response in the infant monkey: orphaned baby monkeys develop a strong and persistent attachment to inanimate surrogate mothers.","volume":"130","author":"Harlow","year":"1959","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1126\/science.472715","article-title":"Emergence of interoceptive and exteroceptive control of behavior in rats.","volume":"205","author":"Haroutunian","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.07.012","article-title":"Editorial: From Bipolar Disorder to DMDD: Challenges to Diagnostic and Treatment Specificity in Traumatized Youths.","volume":"61","author":"Havens","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.06.001","article-title":"Social buffering of the stress response: diversity, mechanisms, and functions.","volume":"30","author":"Hennessy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3368.133","article-title":"Imprinting, an effect of early experience, imprinting determines later social behavior in animals.","volume":"130","author":"Hess","year":"1959","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1126\/science.146.3648.1128","article-title":"Imprinting in Birds: research has borne out the concept of imprinting as a type of learning different from association learning.","volume":"146","author":"Hess","year":"1964","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1880727","article-title":"Dysregulated functional brain connectivity in response to acute social-evaluative stress in adolescents with PTSD symptoms.","volume":"12","author":"Hilberdink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"B94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethology and attachment theory","author":"Hinde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Attachment from Infancy to Adulthood: The Major Longitudinal Studies"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1126\/science.173.3992.111","article-title":"Effects of brief separation from mother on rhesus monkeys.","volume":"173","author":"Hinde","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032671","article-title":"Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the social buffering of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis: a review of animal models and human studies across development.","volume":"140","author":"Hostinar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2016.1200481","article-title":"Maternal buffering beyond glucocorticoids: impact of early life stress on corticolimbic circuits that control infant responses to novelty.","volume":"12","author":"Howell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"B98","first-page":"127159","article-title":"Chapter: Developmental pathways from infant disorganization to childhood peer relationships","author":"Jacobvitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Attachment Disorganization"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.10.016","article-title":"Development of fear acquisition and extinction in children: effects of age and anxiety.","volume":"113","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5290.1133","article-title":"Synaptic activity and the construction of cortical circuits.","volume":"274","author":"Katz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(00)00998-7","article-title":"Effects of early adverse experiences on brain structure and function: clinical implications.","volume":"48","author":"Kaufman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720325115","article-title":"Universality claim of attachment theory: children\u2019s socioemotional development across cultures.","volume":"115","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46539-4","article-title":"Pharmacological manipulation of DNA methylation normalizes maternal behavior, DNA methylation, and gene expression in dams with a history of maltreatment.","volume":"9","author":"Keller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001024","article-title":"Early life adversity and blunted cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress: the role of current depressive symptoms.","volume":"84","author":"Keogh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32816ebc8c","article-title":"Age of onset of mental disorders: a review of recent literature.","volume":"20","author":"Kessler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00042","article-title":"Childhood Maltreatment, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation: Critical Importance of Parental and Peer Emotional Abuse during Developmental Sensitive Periods in Males and Females.","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22109","article-title":"Maternal experiences of childhood maltreatment moderate patterns of mother\u2013infant cortisol regulation under stress.","volume":"63","author":"Khoury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199908200-00021","article-title":"Neonatal footshock stress alters adult behavior and hippocampal corticosteroid receptors [Peer Reviewed].","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.12.005","article-title":"Comparative studies of social buffering: a consideration of approaches, terminology, and pitfalls.","volume":"86","author":"Kiyokawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201600159","article-title":"The neurobiology of parenting: a neural circuit perspective.","volume":"39","author":"Kohl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.12.018","article-title":"Early adversity, hypocortisolism, and behavior problems at school entry: a study of internationally adopted children.","volume":"66","author":"Koss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047033","article-title":"Imprinting: effects of painful stimulation upon the following response.","volume":"56","author":"Kovach","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13539","article-title":"Annual Research Review: cross-cultural similarities and differences in parenting.","volume":"63","author":"Lansford","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.06.001","article-title":"The dark side of high-frequency oscillations in the developing brain.","volume":"29","author":"Le Van Quyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.01.005","article-title":"Implications of the Research Domain Criteria project for childhood anxiety and its disorders.","volume":"64","author":"Lebowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1952.11022891","article-title":"Stress dynamics in psychiatric perspective.","volume":"15","author":"Lehmann","year":"1952","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1890","article-title":"Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior in the human infant.","volume":"142","author":"Lester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.126.3287.1347","article-title":"Infantile experience and the maturation of the pituitary adrenal axis.","volume":"126","author":"Levine","year":"1957","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.05.007","article-title":"Early experience and the development of stress reactivity and regulation in children [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review].","volume":"34","author":"Loman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420150404","article-title":"Differential effects of upper gastrointestinal fill on milk ingestion and nipple attachment in the suckling rat.","volume":"15","author":"Lorenz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1258-67","article-title":"The evolution of behavior.","volume":"199","author":"Lorenz","year":"1958","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"B122","first-page":"520","article-title":"Chapter: Attachment disorganization: Unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies","author":"Lyons-Ruth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20173","article-title":"Contributions of the mother\u2013infant relationship to dissociative, borderline, and conduct symptoms in young adulthood.","volume":"29","author":"Lyons-Ruth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infant Ment. Health J."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1997.0578","article-title":"Parenting styles of abusive mothers in group-living rhesus macaques.","volume":"55","author":"Maestripieri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-642394.00005-9","article-title":"Neurobiology of maternal mental illness.","volume":"171","author":"Maguire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"B126","first-page":"121","article-title":"Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized\/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation","author":"Main","year":"1990","journal-title":"Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310163110","article-title":"Earlylife stress has persistent effects on amygdala function and development in mice and humans [Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural].","volume":"110","author":"Malter Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10074","article-title":"Early life influences on life-long patterns of behavior and health.","volume":"9","author":"McEwen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423363112","article-title":"Causal effects of the early caregiving environment on development of stress response systems in children.","volume":"112","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010091","article-title":"Translating Developmental Neuroscience to Understand Risk for Psychiatric Disorders.","volume":"176","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1733","article-title":"Maternal presence serves as a switch between learning fear and attraction in infancy.","volume":"9","author":"Moriceau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6737","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0499-06.2006","article-title":"Dual circuitry for odor-shock conditioning during infancy: corticosterone switches between fear and attraction via amygdala.","volume":"26","author":"Moriceau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.02.001","article-title":"How Early Life Adversity Influences Defensive Circuitry.","volume":"43","author":"Murthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01748.x","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition and stress reactivity: the moderating role of attachment security [Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.].","volume":"67","author":"Nachmias","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3048","article-title":"Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life.","volume":"371","author":"Nelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(88)90006-6","article-title":"Neural basis of maternal behavior in the rat.","volume":"13","author":"Numan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.09.041","article-title":"Bidirectional control of infant rat social behavior via dopaminergic innervation of the basolateral amygdala.","volume":"109","author":"Opendak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-0190340-9","article-title":"Neurobiology of maternal regulation of infant fear: the role of mesolimbic dopamine and its disruption by maltreatment.","volume":"44","author":"Opendak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2019.100637","article-title":"Unique infant neurobiology produces distinctive trauma processing.","volume":"36","author":"Opendak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14801-3","article-title":"Adverse caregiving in infancy blunts neural processing of the mother.","volume":"11","author":"Opendak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-01832762-y","article-title":"Developmental transitions in amygdala PKC isoforms and AMPA receptor expression associated with threat memory in infant rats.","volume":"8","author":"Opendak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.010","article-title":"Body odors promote automatic imitation in autism.","volume":"74","author":"Parma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111900","article-title":"Rodent models of social stress and neuronal plasticity: relevance to depressive-like disorders.","volume":"369","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.11.009","article-title":"The Neurobiology of Postpartum Anxiety and Depression.","volume":"40","author":"Pawluski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2009-2","article-title":"Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t Review].","volume":"214","author":"Pechtel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21219","article-title":"Neurobiology of attachment to an abusive caregiver: short-term benefits and long-term costs.","volume":"56","author":"Perry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0632-16.2016","article-title":"Development of Odor Hedonics: Experience-Dependent Ontogeny of Circuits Supporting Maternal and Predator Odor Responses in Rats.","volume":"36","author":"Perry","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579420001455","article-title":"Elevated infant cortisol is necessary but not sufficient for transmission of environmental risk to infant social development: crossspecies evidence of mother-infant physiological social transmission.","volume":"32","author":"Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941800007X","article-title":"Developing a neurobehavioral animal model of poverty: drawing cross-species connections between environments of scarcity-adversity, parenting quality, and infant outcome.","volume":"31","author":"Perry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.14697610.2007.01751.x","article-title":"Research review: a neuroscience framework for pediatric anxiety disorders.","volume":"48","author":"Pine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300769","article-title":"Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Rearing on Central CorticotropinReleasing Factor Systems in Adult Male Rat Offspring.","volume":"30","author":"Plotsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.05.002","article-title":"Deprivation of parenting disrupts development of homeostatic and reward systems in marmoset monkey offspring [Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].","volume":"56","author":"Pryce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29127","article-title":"Early hippocampal volume loss as a marker of eventual memory deficits caused by repeated stress.","volume":"6","author":"Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.12.019","article-title":"Developing a neurobehavioral animal model of infant attachment to an abusive caregiver.","volume":"67","author":"Raineki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22821","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1907170116","article-title":"During infant maltreatment, stress targets hippocampus, but stress with mother present targets amygdala and social behavior.","volume":"116","author":"Raineki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7758","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5843-11.2012","article-title":"Effects of early-life abuse differ across development: infant social behavior deficits are followed by adolescent depressive-like behaviors mediated by the amygdala.","volume":"32","author":"Raineki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.03.011","article-title":"Attachment across the lifespan: Insights from adoptive families","volume":"25","author":"Raby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21234","article-title":"Neonatal amygdala lesions alter mother-infant interactions in rhesus monkeys living in a speciestypical social environment [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, Non-P.H.S.].","volume":"56","author":"Raper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194763","article-title":"The impact of maternal anxiety disorder on mother-infant interaction in the postpartum period.","volume":"13","author":"Reck","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420220604","article-title":"Effect of maternal presence on the cardiac and behavioral responses to shock in rats as a function of age.","volume":"22","author":"Richardson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B161","article-title":"Infant attachment associated with pain produces later-life depressive-like behavior that is rescued by maternal odor and intraamygdala serotonin manipulation.","volume":"425","author":"Rinc\u00f3n Cort\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstracts"},{"key":"B162","author":"Rinc\u00f3n Cort\u00e9s","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infant Social Behavior Dysfunction Predicts Adolescent Depressive-like Behaviors."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00033","article-title":"Early life trauma and attachment: immediate and enduring effects on neurobehavioral and stress axis development.","volume":"5","author":"Rinc\u00f3n Cort\u00e9s","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0805-2","article-title":"Abnormalities of white matter integrity in the corpus callosum of adolescents with PTSD after childhood sexual abuse: a DTI study.","volume":"25","author":"Rinne-Albers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00132","article-title":"Infant Trauma Alters Social Buffering of Threat Learning: Emerging Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Preadolescence.","volume":"13","author":"Robinson-Drummer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12500","article-title":"Maternal Buffering of Adolescent Dysregulation in Socially Appetitive Contexts: From Behavior to the Brain.","volume":"30","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579405050509","article-title":"Child maltreatment, attention networks, and potential precursors to borderline personality disorder [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].","volume":"17","author":"Rogosch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1975.tb01988.x","article-title":"[Imprinting of domestic animals on man].","volume":"38","author":"Sambraus","year":"1975","journal-title":"Z. Tierpsychol."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2015.1087426","article-title":"Social buffering of stress responses in nonhuman primates: maternal regulation of the development of emotional regulatory brain circuits.","volume":"10","author":"Sanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1109-1355","article-title":"Any kind of mother in a storm [News].","volume":"12","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.10.064","article-title":"Unpredictable neonatal stress enhances adult anxiety and alters amygdala gene expression related to serotonin and GABA.","volume":"258","author":"Sarro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B172","article-title":"Developmental and maternal regulation of infant brain state","author":"Sarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.12.009","article-title":"Long-term consequences of early infant injury and trauma upon somatosensory processing.","volume":"11","author":"Schmelzle-Lubiecki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.028","article-title":"Abnormal structure or function of the amygdala is a common component of neurodevelopmental disorders [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review].","volume":"49","author":"Schumann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B175","first-page":"61","article-title":"The relative importance of social and hereditary factors in producing disturbances in life adjustment during periods of stress in laboratory animals.","volume":"29","author":"Scott","year":"1949","journal-title":"Res. Publ. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196506000-00006","article-title":"Maternal separation in the rhesus monkey.","volume":"140","author":"Seay","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4667.1383","article-title":"Stress and the general adaptation syndrome.","volume":"1","author":"Selye","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2021.1896445","article-title":"Attachment dimensions and cortisol responses during the strange situation among young children adopted internationally.","author":"Shakiba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Attach. Hum. Dev."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1074","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of estimated DSM-IV child and adult separation anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.","volume":"163","author":"Shear","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B180","author":"Sher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.06.004","article-title":"Maternal attenuation of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus norepinephrine switches avoidance learning to preference learning in preweanling rat pups.","volume":"52","author":"Shionoya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.316006","article-title":"Development switch in neural circuitry underlying odor-malaise learning.","volume":"13","author":"Shionoya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002172","article-title":"Childhood adversity and psychosis: a systematic review of bio-psycho-social mediators and moderators.","volume":"50","author":"Sideli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620920725","article-title":"Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity.","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B185","author":"Sorokin","year":"1942","journal-title":"Man and Society in Calamity; the Effects of War, Revolution, Famine, Pestilence Upon Human Mind, Behavior, Social Organization And Cultural life (1st ed.)."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1960.11822569","article-title":"Discussion of Dr. Bowlby\u2019s paper.","volume":"15","author":"Spitz","year":"1960","journal-title":"Psychoanal. Study Child"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420200204","article-title":"Maternal contact inhibits pituitary-adrenal stress responses in preweanling rats [Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.].","volume":"20","author":"Stanton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318193064c","article-title":"Risk and resilience: early manipulation of macaque social experience and persistent behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t Review].","volume":"48","author":"Stevens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.10.015","article-title":"Impact of early adversity on glucocorticoid regulation and later mental disorders.","volume":"38","author":"Str\u00fcber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(93)90022-3","article-title":"Maternal regulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis in the infant rat: the roles of feeding and stroking [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.].","volume":"75","author":"Suchecki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"B191","article-title":"The neurobiology of attachment to nurturing and abusive caregivers.","volume":"63","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hastings Law J."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/35024156","article-title":"Good memories of bad events in infancy.","volume":"407","author":"Sullivan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.08.006","article-title":"Defining Immediate Effects of Sensitive Periods on Infant Neurobehavioral Function.","volume":"36","author":"Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1971.29.3f.1171","article-title":"Behavioral effects of prolonged partial social isolation in the rhesus monkey.","volume":"29","author":"Suomi","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1147-y","article-title":"Childhood trauma and the enduring consequences of forcibly separating children from parents at the United States border.","volume":"16","author":"Teicher","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/s0193-953x(01)00003-x","article-title":"Developmental neurobiology of childhood stress and trauma.","volume":"25","author":"Teicher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.01.057","article-title":"Developmental emergence of fear learning corresponds with changes in amygdala synaptic plasticity.","volume":"1200","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4108","article-title":"Environmental influence in the brain, human welfare and mental health.","volume":"18","author":"Tost","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2013_254","article-title":"The importance of early experiences for neuro-affective development.","volume":"16","author":"Tottenham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Child."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00852.x","article-title":"Prolonged institutional rearing is associated with atypically large amygdala volume and difficulties in emotion regulation [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural].","volume":"13","author":"Tottenham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0656-9","article-title":"Parental presence switches avoidance to attraction learning in children.","volume":"3","author":"Tottenham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2011.01128.x","article-title":"Amygdala response to mother.","volume":"15","author":"Tottenham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00107","article-title":"Waddington, dynamic systems, and epigenetics.","volume":"10","author":"Tronick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21974","article-title":"A Caretaker Acute Stress Paradigm: effects on behavior and physiology of caretaker and infant.","volume":"63","author":"Tronick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01262-z","article-title":"The preterm infant\u2013parent programme for attachment\u2014PIPPA Study: a randomised controlled trial.","volume":"90","author":"Twohig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_430","article-title":"The programming of the social brain by stress during childhood and adolescence: from rodents to humans","author":"Tzanoulinou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Behavior from Rodents to Humans"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20448","article-title":"Defining age limits of the sensitive period for attachment learning in rat pups [Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, Non-P.H.S.].","volume":"52","author":"Upton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.09.008","article-title":"Fostering security? A meta-analysis of attachment in adopted children.","volume":"31","author":"van den Dries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s12124-008-9079-2","article-title":"\u201dWhen strangers meet\u201d: John Bowlby and Harry Harlow on attachment behavior [Biography Historical Article].","volume":"42","author":"van der Horst","year":"2008","journal-title":"Integr. Psychol. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2016.1164244","article-title":"Maternal buffering of fear-potentiated startle in children and adolescents with trauma exposure.","volume":"12","author":"van Rooij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2017.1343296","article-title":"Chronic early life stress induced by limited bedding and nesting (LBN) material in rodents: critical considerations of methodology, outcomes and translational potential.","volume":"20","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000162583.25829.4b","article-title":"Developmental differences in the expression of childhood anxiety symptoms and fears.","volume":"44","author":"Weems","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B213","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Life stress and bodily disease; a formulation.","volume":"29","author":"Wolff","year":"1949","journal-title":"Res. Publ. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13307","article-title":"Galanin neurons in the medial preoptic area govern parental behaviour.","volume":"509","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8582","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900801116","article-title":"Childhood trauma history is linked to abnormal brain connectivity in major depression.","volume":"116","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21591","article-title":"Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood Dc:0-5: selective Reviews from a New Nosology for Early Childhood Psychopathology.","volume":"37","author":"Zeanah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infant Ment. Health J."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1301.003","article-title":"Attachment relationship experiences and childhood psychopathology.","volume":"1008","author":"Zeanah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5329","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05329.2003","article-title":"Separation-induced receptor changes in the hippocampus and amygdala of Octodon degus: influence of maternal vocalizations [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\u2019t].","volume":"23","author":"Ziabreva","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.882464\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T04:53:47Z","timestamp":1658465627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.882464\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"references-count":218,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.882464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.882464","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"article-number":"882464"}}