{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:50:49Z","timestamp":1790758249427,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Rationale and Objectives:<\/jats:bold> Ethanol acts directly on the \u03b17 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (\u03b17). Adolescent-binge alcohol exposure (ABAE) produces deleterious consequences during adulthood, and data indicate that the \u03b17 receptor regulates these damaging events. Administration of an \u03b17 Negative Allosteric Modulator (NAM) or the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine can prophylactically prevent adult consequences of ABAE. The goals of the experiments were to determine the effects of co-administration of ethanol and a \u03b17 agonist in the mesolimbic dopamine system and to determine if administration of an \u03b17 NAM or positive allosteric modulator (PAM) modulates the enhancement of adult alcohol drinking produced by ABAE.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In adult rats, ethanol and the \u03b17 agonist AR-R17779 (AR) were microinjected into the posterior ventral tegmental area (VTA), and dopamine levels were measured in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh). In adolescence, rats were treated with the \u03b17 NAM SB-277011-A (SB) or PNU-120596 (PAM) 2 h before administration of EtOH (ABAE). Ethanol consumption (acquisition, maintenance, and relapse) during adulthood was characterized.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Ethanol and AR co-administered into the posterior VTA stimulated dopamine release in the AcbSh in a synergistic manner. The increase in alcohol consumption during the acquisition and relapse drinking during adulthood following ABAE was prevented by administration of SB, or enhanced by administration of PNU, prior to EtOH exposure during adolescence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> Ethanol acts on the \u03b17 receptor, and the \u03b17 receptor regulates the critical effects of ethanol in the brain. The data replicate the findings that cholinergic agents (\u03b17 NAMs) can act prophylactically to reduce the alterations in adult alcohol consumption following ABAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.954319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T12:19:41Z","timestamp":1680610781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Negative and positive allosteric modulators of the \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulates the ability of adolescent binge alcohol exposure to enhance adult alcohol consumption"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Rodd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Scott","family":"Swartzwelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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