{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T23:49:22Z","timestamp":1785023362124,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2013\/11\/D\/NZ4\/02371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2013\/11\/D\/NZ4\/02371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Activity of the alpha<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-adrenergic receptor (\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) modulates dopaminergic activity, implying its modulatory role in the behavioral functions of the dopamine (DA) system. Indeed, intra-VTA \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR blockade attenuates conditioned stimulus dependent behaviors such as drug seeking responses signifying a role of the noradrenergic signaling in the VTA in conditioned behaviors. Importantly, the role of the VTA \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR activity in Pavlovian associative learning with positive outcomes remains unknown. Here, we aimed to examine how intra-VTA \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR blockade affects acquisition of cocaine-induced Pavlovian associative learning in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. The impact of \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR blockade on cocaine-reinforced operant responding and cocaine-evoked ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) was also studied. In addition, both \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR immunoreactivity in the VTA and its role in phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were assessed. We demonstrated cellular localization of \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR expression in the VTA, providing a neuroanatomical substrate for the \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR mechanism. We showed that prazosin (\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR selective antagonist; 1 \u03bcg\/0.5 \u03bcl) microinfusion attenuated electrically evoked DA transients in the NAc and dose-dependently (0.1\u20131 \u03bcg\/0.5 \u03bcl) prevented the acquisition of cocaine CPP but did not affect cocaine-reinforced operant responding nor cocaine-induced positive affective state (measured as USVs). We propose that the VTA \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR signaling is necessary for the acquisition of Pavlovian associative learning but does not encode hedonic value. Thus, \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR signaling in the VTA might underlie salience encoding of environmental stimuli and reflect an ability of alerting\/orienting functions, originating from bottom-up information processing to guide behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.969104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T06:09:36Z","timestamp":1659593376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Alpha1-adrenergic receptor blockade in the ventral tegmental area attenuates acquisition of cocaine-induced pavlovian associative learning"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wojciech B.","family":"Solecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kielbinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Bernacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gralec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Klasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Pradel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Rojek-Sito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"Przew\u0142ocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03326513","article-title":"Behavioral functions of locus coeruleus derived from cellular attributes.","volume":"13","author":"Aston-Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physiol. 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