{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:28:31Z","timestamp":1785497311090,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We propose that the excitability margin (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>margin<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ), defined as the difference between spike threshold and resting membrane potential, may function as a quantitative gating variable linking chronic stress, inflammatory load, and transient increases in excitability associated with reactivation to emotionally polarized replay or other maladaptive forms of circuit reactivation. Based on a conceptually guided integration of published electrophysiological data, we modeled how chronic restraint stress, a conservatively parameterized stress-associated inflammatory component, and a transient state of increased engram reactivity may jointly reduce the excitability reserve of ventral CA1 (vCA1) pyramidal neurons. In the main scenario, the model-derived effective margin decreased from 18.4 mV to approximately 6.0 mV, corresponding to a 67.5% reduction. Additional illustrative pro-excitatory scenarios further reduced the margin to approximately 4.3 mV, 3.7 mV, or 1.7 mV. These values fall within the range of physiologically reported amplitudes of transient depolarizing events, including local NMDA spikes, sharp wave\u2013associated depolarizations, intracellular ripples, and larger subthreshold burst-related events. This suggests that in circuits where analogous transient depolarizing events occur, narrowing of \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>margin<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    may increase the likelihood that otherwise subthreshold network activity contributes to threshold crossing and maladaptive reactivation. We therefore hypothesize that progressive narrowing of \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>margin<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    may act as a gating mechanism for preferential reactivation of vulnerable neuronal ensembles, increasing the probability of repetitive, emotionally polarized replay or other maladaptive forms of circuit reactivation and secondary circuit destabilization. This framework may provide a unifying excitability-based mechanistic hypothesis and a hypothesis-generating transdiagnostic framework relevant to schizophrenia-, depression-, and trauma-related phenotypes, while remaining potentially informative for other conditions characterized by excitability instability. The model generates clear, falsifiable predictions: interventions that widen \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>margin<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    or reduce trigger efficacy should attenuate hyperreactivity in the vCA1\/vHipp system analyzed here and limit secondary markers of network dysregulation, while also providing a transferable framework for testing analogous low-margin dynamics in other phenotype-relevant circuit nodes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2026.1839983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:40:09Z","timestamp":1777527609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Excitability-margin narrowing as a candidate gating mechanism for maladaptive circuit reactivation: a ventral CA1-centered model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Patryk","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher","place":["Warsaw, Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5239","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05239.2002","article-title":"NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels contribute to long-term potentiation and different components of fear memory formation in the lateral amygdala.","volume":"22","author":"Bauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.06.091","article-title":"State-dependent TMS over prefrontal cortex disrupts fear-memory reconsolidation and prevents the return of fear.","volume":"30","author":"Borgomaneri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.5.624","article-title":"Elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"154","author":"Bremner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9130","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300454110","article-title":"Perineuronal nets protect fast-spiking interneurons against oxidative stress.","volume":"110","author":"Cabungcal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17955","article-title":"A shared neural ensemble links distinct contextual memories encoded close in time.","volume":"534","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4218-9","article-title":"Stress and neuroinflammation: A systematic review of the effects of stress on microglia and the implications for mental illness.","volume":"233","author":"Calcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.013","article-title":"Spatial gene-expression gradients underlie prominent heterogeneity of CA1 pyramidal neurons.","volume":"89","author":"Cembrowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102553","article-title":"Homeostatic plasticity and excitation-inhibition balance: The good, the bad, and the ugly.","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mjaf006","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjaf006","article-title":"Argon improves microglia-mediated hippocampal neuronal hyperexcitability to alleviate anxiety-like behaviors in mice.","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50018-1","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2-induced upregulation of Nav1.6 underlies neuronal hyperactivity in Tg2576 Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model.","volume":"9","author":"Ciccone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195298","article-title":"Calcium-permeable AMPA receptor dynamics mediate fear memory erasure.","volume":"330","author":"Clem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13633","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13633","article-title":"Memory reconsolidation may be disrupted by a distractor stimulus presented during reactivation.","volume":"5","author":"Crestani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302356110","article-title":"Memory reconsolidation and its maintenance depend on L-voltage-dependent calcium channels and CaMKII functions regulating protein turnover in the hippocampus.","volume":"110","author":"Da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.029","article-title":"Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction.","volume":"59","author":"Delgado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2020.1762174","article-title":"Preclinical insights into therapeutic targeting of KCC2 for disorders of neuronal hyperexcitability.","volume":"24","author":"Duy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.03.006","article-title":"Intracellular determinants of hippocampal CA1 place and silent cell activity in a novel environment.","volume":"70","author":"Epsztein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.08.015","article-title":"Differences in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter levels between depressed patients and healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"105","author":"Godfrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.12.675815","article-title":"Reducing ventral hippocampal CA1\/subiculum hyperexcitability restores social memory and alleviates anxiety-related behavior in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.","author":"Goodman","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1985.tb08843.x","article-title":"Effects of caffeine on hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro.","volume":"85","author":"Greene","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369158","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/369158","article-title":"The alterations of IL-1Beta, IL-6, and TGF-Beta levels in hippocampal CA3 region of chronic restraint stress rats after electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment.","volume":"2014","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0541-z","article-title":"Targeting neural hyperactivity as a treatment to stem progression of late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"14","author":"Haberman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.12.014","article-title":"Overactivation of fear systems to neutral faces in schizophrenia.","volume":"64","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.020","article-title":"Depressive rumination, the default-mode network, and the dark matter of clinical neuroscience.","volume":"78","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.02.003","article-title":"Default-mode and task-positive network activity in major depressive disorder: Implications for adaptive and maladaptive rumination.","volume":"70","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08499","article-title":"Intracellular dynamics of hippocampal place cells during virtual navigation.","volume":"461","author":"Harvey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_463","article-title":"Memory reconsolidation","volume-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences","author":"Haubrich","year":"2016"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02168-y","article-title":"Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"28","author":"Hijazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20276","article-title":"Dopamine and the aberrant salience hypothesis of schizophrenia.","volume":"15","author":"Howes","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.198","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"11","author":"Hughes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-061956","article-title":"Memory allocation: Mechanisms and function.","volume":"41","author":"Josselyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503070","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1503070","article-title":"Development of KCC2 therapeutics to treat neurological disorders.","volume":"17","author":"Kadam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12030113","article-title":"Novel treatment targets based on insights in the etiology of depression: Role of IL-6 trans-signaling and stress-induced elevation of glutamate and ATP.","volume":"12","author":"Kalkman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2886","article-title":"Decreased expression of synapse-related genes and loss of synapses in major depressive disorder.","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8365-7","article-title":"Stress-induced grey matter loss determined by MRI Is primarily due to loss of dendrites and their synapses.","volume":"47","author":"Kassem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486811","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.486811","article-title":"Hippocampal hyperactivity as a druggable circuit-level origin of aberrant salience in schizophrenia.","volume":"11","author":"K\u00e4tzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15121-2","article-title":"Encoding of contextual fear memory in hippocampal\u2013amygdala circuit.","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam6808","article-title":"Engrams and circuits crucial for systems consolidation of a memory.","volume":"356","author":"Kitamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.12.005","article-title":"Indication of increased phase coupling between theta and gamma EEG rhythms associated with the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations.","volume":"534","author":"Koutsoukos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01338-w","article-title":"Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders.","volume":"48","author":"Kruyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.06.060","article-title":"The effect of transcranial direct current and magnetic stimulation on fear extinction and return of fear: A meta-analysis and systematic review.","volume":"362","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00736-7","article-title":"Revealing excitation-inhibition imbalance in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using multiscale neural model inversion of resting-state functional MRI.","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.12.007","article-title":"Amygdala\u2013prefrontal interactions in (mal)adaptive learning.","volume":"38","author":"Likhtik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490300","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1490300","article-title":"Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in anti-inflammatory therapy: Mechanistic insights and future perspectives.","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2011.05.001","article-title":"Hippocampal dysregulation of dopamine system function and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.","volume":"32","author":"Lodge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.10.003","article-title":"Chronic stress shifts the GABA reversal potential in the hippocampus and increases seizure susceptibility.","volume":"109","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00011.2008","article-title":"Spatiotemporally graded NMDA spike\/plateau potentials in basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons.","volume":"99","author":"Major","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.007","article-title":"Developmental pattern of perineuronal nets in the human prefrontal cortex and their deficit in schizophrenia.","volume":"74","author":"Mauney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18247","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18247","article-title":"Locus coeruleus to basolateral amygdala noradrenergic projections promote anxiety-like behavior.","volume":"6","author":"McCall","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02396-z","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation modulates hippocampal inflammation caused by continuous stress in rats.","volume":"19","author":"Namgung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6334362","article-title":"Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients.","volume":"226","author":"Nemeroff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-020-00107-x","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders: Exploring mitochondrial transplantation.","volume":"5","author":"Norat","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Regen. Med."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.08.028","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations in depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of historic evidence.","volume":"105","author":"Ogawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.111","article-title":"Hippocampal interneuron transplants reverse aberrant dopamine system function and behavior in a rodent model of schizophrenia.","volume":"18","author":"Perez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.11.029","article-title":"Engram cell excitability state determines the efficacy of memory retrieval.","volume":"101","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352797","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2024.1352797","article-title":"Neural circuits for the adaptive regulation of fear and extinction memory.","volume":"18","author":"Plas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01027-6","article-title":"Environmental regulation of the chloride transporter KCC2: Switching inflammation off to switch the GABA on?","volume":"10","author":"Pozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661476","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2021.661476","article-title":"Synaptic framework for the persistence of memory engrams.","volume":"13","author":"Rao-Ruiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf0594","article-title":"Competition between engrams influences fear memory formation and recall.","volume":"353","author":"Rashid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.32","article-title":"Hippocampus glutamate and N-acetyl aspartate markers of excitotoxic neuronal compromise in posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"42","author":"Rosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22155","article-title":"Insula and anterior cingulate GABA levels in post-traumatic stress disorder: Preliminary findings using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.","volume":"31","author":"Rosso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs092","article-title":"In vivo measurements of glutamate, GABA, and NAAG in schizophrenia.","volume":"39","author":"Rowland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103944","article-title":"Postsynaptic receptor trafficking underlying a form of associative learning.","volume":"308","author":"Rumpel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa5542","article-title":"Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia.","volume":"348","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/35005094","article-title":"NMDA spikes in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons.","volume":"404","author":"Schiller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.09.020","article-title":"Remembering under stress: Different roles of autonomic arousal and glucocorticoids in memory retrieval.","volume":"39","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.83","article-title":"The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders.","volume":"35","author":"Shin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39546-7","article-title":"Closed-loop brain stimulation augments fear extinction in male rats.","volume":"14","author":"Sierra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07991","article-title":"Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance.","volume":"459","author":"Sohal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15323","article-title":"Hippocampal hyperactivity in a rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"157","author":"Sosulina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.47","article-title":"Oxidative stress-driven parvalbumin interneuron impairment as a common mechanism in models of schizophrenia.","volume":"22","author":"Steullet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02024-7","article-title":"Neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: What are the drivers behind this aberrant phenotype?","volume":"12","author":"Targa Dias Anastacio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9607","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249607","article-title":"The regulation of astrocytic glutamate transporters in health and neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"21","author":"Todd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2774","article-title":"Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia.","volume":"11","author":"Uhlhaas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4074","article-title":"Determinants of different deep and superficial CA1 pyramidal cell dynamics during sharp-wave ripples.","volume":"18","author":"Valero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738489","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1738489","article-title":"Parvalbumin interneurons: The dark and bright sides of a key playmaker of neural circuits and behavior.","volume":"19","author":"Wirk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.12.001","article-title":"Stress and memory retrieval: Mechanisms and consequences.","volume":"14","author":"Wolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.017","article-title":"Neurons are recruited to a memory trace based on relative neuronal excitability immediately before training.","volume":"83","author":"Yiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00030.1995","article-title":"Sharp wave-associated high-frequency oscillation (200 Hz) in the intact hippocampus: Network and intracellular mechanisms.","volume":"15","author":"Ylinen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2405","article-title":"CREB regulates excitability and the allocation of memory to subsets of neurons in the amygdala.","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2026.1839983\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:40:13Z","timestamp":1777527613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2026.1839983\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnbeh.2026.1839983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2026.1839983","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"article-number":"1839983"}}