{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:30:13Z","timestamp":1787923813705,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA051937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA051937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA017637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA017637"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA044223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA044223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA013162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA013162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Behav. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) remains a prominent threat to global health. Genetic background influences the susceptibility of developing OUD, although specific genetic factors remain elusive. Rodent models that differ in susceptibility to escalation and dysregulation of opioid use are valuable tools to facilitate discovery of genetic pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phenotypes associated with the development of OUD were compared in seven classic inbred rat strains (M520\/N, WKY\/NCrl, F344\/NCrl, F344\/Stm, LEW\/Crl, LEW\/SSNHsd, LE\/Stm) from the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel (HRDP). A two-phase self-administration paradigm was utilized to assess characteristics of the acquisition of oxycodone self-administration during daily 2-h sessions, and the escalation of oxycodone use during daily 12-h sessions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetic background influenced the acquisition of oxycodone self-administration as indicated by differences in the initiation of responding for oxycodone during each session and different amounts of oxycodone intake. We observed that escalation of oxycodone intake between-sessions was strain dependent, and the within-session distribution of oxycodone intake was strongly influenced by strain. The M520\/N strain engaged in a unique pattern of intake, characterized by rapid initiation of oxycodone responding during the acquisition phase and a significant burst-like responding during escalation. Strain-dependent sex differences were also observed in several acquisition and escalation metrics. Of interest, rapid burst responding was more prevalent in females of the M520\/N strain compared to males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these data indicate that genetic background influences not only overall oxycodone intake, but specific within- and between-session metrics that capture patterns of consumption across the substance use trajectory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2026.1913370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:50:58Z","timestamp":1787921458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic modulation of oxycodone self-administration trajectories: from initiation to escalating burst patterns"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Caleb I.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eamonn P.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan O.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luanne H.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cove C.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus","place":["Aurora, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa A.","family":"Ehringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan K.","family":"Bachtell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder","place":["Boulder, CO, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-025-10187-z","article-title":"Long-read whole-genome sequencing of SHR rat substrains with distinct substance use phenotypes.","volume":"37","author":"Abdurahaman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mamm. 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