{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T02:12:56Z","timestamp":1782094376796,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA020935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA020935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]],"date-time":"2016-03-04T03:17:13Z","timestamp":1457061433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Alters Stress Effects on (3\u03b1,5\u03b1)-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one (3\u03b1,5\u03b1-THP) Immunolabeling of Amygdala Neurons in C57BL\/6J Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Antoniette M.","family":"Maldonado-Devincci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kampov-Polevoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raechel E.","family":"McKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle H.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd K.","family":"O\u2019Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Leslie","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810160025004","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis functioning and cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin releasing hormone and corticotropin levels in alcoholics after recent and long-term abstinence","volume":"47","author":"Adinoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000126953","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in rat brain neuroactive steroid concentrations and GABAA receptor function after acute stress","volume":"63","author":"Barbaccia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"448","article-title":"Effects of alcohol dependence and withdrawal on stress responsiveness and alcohol consumption","volume":"34","author":"Becker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000149977.95306.3a","article-title":"Increased ethanol drinking after repeated chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal experience in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"28","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.10.006","article-title":"Decreased anticonvulsant efficacy of allopregnanolone during ethanol withdrawal in female Withdrawal Seizure-Prone vs. Withdrawal Seizure-Resistant mice","volume":"54","author":"Beckley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01300.x","article-title":"Pregnenolone and ganaxolone reduce operant ethanol self-administration in alcohol-preferring P rats","volume":"34","author":"Besheer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300706","article-title":"Prior multiple ethanol withdrawals enhance stress-induced anxiety-like behavior: inhibition by CRF1- and benzodiazepine-receptor antagonists and a 5-HT1a-receptor agonist","volume":"30","author":"Breese","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.10.001","article-title":"Chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) administration in rats decreases levels of neurosteroids in hippocampus, accompanied by altered behavioral responses to neurosteroids and memory function","volume":"46","author":"Cagetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12223","article-title":"Ethanol administration produces divergent changes in GABAergic neuroactive steroid immunohistochemistry in the rat brain","volume":"38","author":"Cook","year":"2014a","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5824","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4733-13.2014","article-title":"Overexpression of the steroidogenic enzyme cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage in the ventral tegmental area increases 3\u03b1,5\u03b1-THP and reduces long-term operant ethanol self-administration","volume":"34","author":"Cook","year":"2014b","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1410.022","article-title":"Effects of acute and chronic stressors and CRF in rat and mouse tests for depression","volume":"1148","author":"Dunn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.2.714","article-title":"Morphological and electrophysiological properties of principal neurons in the rat lateral amygdala in vitro","volume":"85","author":"Faber","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2003.10.006","article-title":"The role of pregnane neurosteroids in ethanol withdrawal: behavioral genetic approaches","volume":"101","author":"Finn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.02.028","article-title":"Allopregnanolone influences the consummatory processes that govern ethanol drinking in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"179","author":"Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000179413.82308.6b","article-title":"Neurosteroid modulators of GABAA receptors differentially modulate ethanol intake patterns in male C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"29","author":"Ford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B16","volume-title":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates.","author":"Franklin","year":"2007"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1324-3","article-title":"Repeated cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure in mice increases voluntary ethanol drinking and ethanol concentrations in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"201","author":"Griffin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.01.003","article-title":"Chronic ethanol exposure leads to divergent control of dopaminergic synapses in distinct target regions","volume":"42","author":"Healey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2009.00194.x","article-title":"Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism: are they linked?","volume":"15","author":"Heilig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05324","article-title":"Endogenous neurosteroids regulate GABAA receptors through two discrete transmembrane sites","volume":"444","author":"Hosie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03708.x","article-title":"The reinforcing effects of ethanol are altered by the endogenous neurosteroid, allopregnanolone","volume":"22","author":"Janak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb05916.x","article-title":"Effects of chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal on the neuroactive steroid 3\u03b1-hydroxy-5\u03b1-pregnan-20-one in male and female rats","volume":"22","author":"Janis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607111428452","article-title":"Ethanol lock therapy in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections in adult home parenteral nutrition patients: results of a retrospective study","volume":"36","author":"John","year":"2012","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-1047(79)92933-9","article-title":"Alcohol intoxication and withdrawal in inbred strains of mice: behavioral and endocrine studies","volume":"26","author":"Kakihana","year":"1979","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90673-2","article-title":"Ethanol dependence and the pituitary adrenal axis in mice. II. Temporal analysis of dependence and withdrawal","volume":"33","author":"Keith","year":"1983","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050498","article-title":"Reinstatement of alcohol-seeking by priming injections of alcohol and exposure to stress in rats","volume":"135","author":"L\u00ea","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.08.029","article-title":"Selective increases in regional brain glucocorticoid: a novel effect of chronic alcohol","volume":"156","author":"Little","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0026-3","article-title":"Effect of pattern and number of chronic ethanol exposures on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"181","author":"Lopez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02036.x","article-title":"Blunted stress cortisol response in abstinent alcoholic and polysubstance-abusing men","volume":"24","author":"Lovallo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3552-z","article-title":"Reduction of circulating and selective limbic brain levels of (3\u03b1,5\u03b1)-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one (3\u03b1,5\u03b1-THP) following forced swim stress in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"231","author":"Maldonado-Devincci","year":"2014a","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12530","article-title":"Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and withdrawal alters (3\u03b1,5\u03b1)-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one immunostaining in cortical and limbic brain regions of C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"38","author":"Maldonado-Devincci","year":"2014b","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.003","article-title":"Recent developments in the significance and therapeutic relevance of neuroactive steroids\u2013Introduction to the special issue","volume":"116","author":"Morrow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"219","article-title":"GABAergic neuroactive steroids modulate selective ethanol actions: mechanisms and significance","volume-title":"Neurosteroid Effects in the Central Nervous System: The Role of GABAA Receptors","author":"Morrow","year":"2004"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90094-x","article-title":"Steroid hormone metabolites potentiate GABA receptor-mediated chloride ion flux with nanomolar potency","volume":"142","author":"Morrow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0173(01)00127-8","article-title":"The role of GABAergic neuroactive steroids in ethanol action, tolerance and dependence","volume":"37","author":"Morrow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1082","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00521.2004","article-title":"Disruption of mineralocorticoid receptor function increases corticosterone responding to a mild, but not moderate, psychological stressor","volume":"288","author":"Pace","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-2236(97)01125-9","article-title":"Organization of intra-amygdaloid circuitries in the rat: an emerging framework for understanding functions of the amygdala","volume":"20","author":"Pitkanen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12329","article-title":"Failure of acute ethanol administration to alter cerebrocortical and hippocampal allopregnanolone levels in C57BL\/6J and DBA\/2J mice","volume":"38","author":"Porcu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-1047(84)90942-7","article-title":"Acute and chronic stress effects on performance in a forced-swim task","volume":"42","author":"Prince","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4553","article-title":"Stress-induced elevations of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-active steroids in the rat brain","volume":"88","author":"Purdy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. U S A"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01988.x","article-title":"Chronic daily ethanol and withdrawal: 1. long-term changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"24","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0851-4","article-title":"Amygdalar neuronal plasticity and the interactions of alcohol, sex and stress","volume":"220","author":"Retson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.05.009","article-title":"Alcohol-induced dysregulation of stress-related circuitry: the search for novel targets and implications for interventions across the sexes","volume":"65","author":"Retson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e328331b9f2","article-title":"Allopregnanolone microinjected into the lateral septum or dorsal hippocampus reduces immobility in the forced swim test: participation of the GABAA receptor","volume":"20","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Landa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199619040-00011","article-title":"Marked decrease of plasma neuroactive steroids during alcohol withdrawal","volume":"19","author":"Romeo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18198","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2560-11.2011","article-title":"Neurosteroidogenesis is required for the physiological response to stress: role of neurosteroid-sensitive GABAA receptors","volume":"31","author":"Sarkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.030","article-title":"Chronic stress, drug use and vulnerability to addiction","volume":"1141","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000499","article-title":"Psychological stress, drug-related cues and cocaine craving","volume":"152","author":"Sinha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1123-1","article-title":"Alteration of voluntary ethanol and saccharin consumption by the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in mice","volume":"162","author":"Sinnott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.01.010","article-title":"Upregulation of voluntary alcohol intake, behavioral sensitivity to stress and amygdala crhr1 expression following a history of dependence","volume":"63","author":"Sommer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.07.018","article-title":"Effects of chronic and acute stressors and CRF on depression-like behavior in mice","volume":"186","author":"Swiergiel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01047.x","article-title":"Selected line difference in the effects of ethanol dependence and withdrawal on allopregnanolone levels and 5\u03b1-reductase enzyme activity and expression","volume":"33","author":"Tanchuck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9905","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1660-11.2011","article-title":"Ethanol enhances neurosteroidogenesis in hippocampal pyramidal neurons by paradoxical NMDA receptor activation","volume":"31","author":"Tokuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4841","article-title":"Quantification of neurosteroids in rat plasma and brain following swim stress and allopregnanolone administration using negative chemical ionization gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"287","author":"Vall\u00e9e","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-05-01982.2000","article-title":"Neuroactive steroid 3\u03b1-hydroxy-5\u03b1-pregnan-20-one modulates electrophysiological and behavioral actions of ethanol","volume":"20","author":"VanDoren","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100773","article-title":"Changes in levels of regional CRF-like-immunoreactivity and plasma corticosterone during protracted drug withdrawal in dependent rats","volume":"158","author":"Zorrilla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T02:56:25Z","timestamp":1567652185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fncel.2016.00040\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]]},"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2016.00040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]]}}}