{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:44:07Z","timestamp":1792669447320,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T04:29:34Z","timestamp":1520310574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Limitations and Challenges in Modeling Diseases Involving Spinal Motor Neuron Degeneration in Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Bucchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Merwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane B.","family":"Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Kariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x","article-title":"Role of the nervous system in sarcopenia and muscle atrophy with aging: strength training as a countermeasure.","volume":"20","author":"Aagaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12233","article-title":"Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases\u2013an update.","volume":"142","author":"Amor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(93)90086-P","article-title":"Neurite promoting activity of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and nerve growth factor on spinal motoneurons is astrocyte dependent.","volume":"74","author":"Ang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00688-3","article-title":"Retinoids run rampant: multiple roles during spinal cord and motor neuron development.","volume":"40","author":"Appel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-11-03507.1990","article-title":"Survival effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on chick embryonic motoneurons in culture: comparison with other neurotrophic factors and cytokines.","volume":"10","author":"Arakawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.07.008","article-title":"Modeling motor neuron disease: the matter of time.","volume":"37","author":"Arbab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.07.006","article-title":"Spinal circuits formation: a study of developmentally regulated markers in organotypic cultures of embryonic mouse spinal cord.","volume":"122","author":"Avossa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-12-03685.1991","article-title":"New roles for glia.","volume":"11","author":"Barres","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16763","article-title":"High yield extraction of pure spinal motor neurons, astrocytes and microglia from single embryo and adult mouse spinal cord.","volume":"5","author":"Beaudet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1080\/146608201750138585","article-title":"Motoneuron cell death and neurotrophic factors: basic models for development of new therapeutic strategies in ALS.","volume":"2","author":"Beck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Other Motor Neuron Disord."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.11.013","article-title":"Enhancement of cultured adult motor neuron survival with cold pre-incubation.","volume":"533","author":"Bekta\u0282","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00007","article-title":"Effects of systemic metabolic fuels on glucose and lactate levels in the brain extracellular compartment of the mouse.","volume":"11","author":"B\u00e9land-Millar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000319997","article-title":"Sarcopenia: prevalence, mechanisms, and functional consequences.","volume":"37","author":"Berger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Top. Gerontol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1553547","article-title":"Optical analysis of synaptic vesicle recycling at the frog neuromuscular junction.","volume":"255","author":"Betz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20848","article-title":"Astrocyte function and role in motor neuron disease: a future therapeutic target?","volume":"57","author":"Blackburn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)09520-5","article-title":"Differential blockade of voltage-sensitive calcium channels at the mouse neuromuscular junction by novel omega-conopeptides and omega-agatoxin-IVA.","volume":"273","author":"Bowersox","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11696","article-title":"Decay in survival motor neuron and plastin 3 levels during differentiation of iPSC-derived human motor neurons.","volume":"5","author":"Boza-Mor\u00e1n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199708)20:8<953::AID-MUS4>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Degeneration of cocultures of spinal muscular atrophy muscle cells and rat spinal cord explants is not due to secreted factors and cannot be prevented by neurotrophins.","volume":"20","author":"Braun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00315-S","article-title":"Neurotrophins increase motoneurons\u2019 ability to innervate skeletal muscle fibers in rat spinal cord\u2013human muscle cocultures.","volume":"136","author":"Braun","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.10.4516","article-title":"Local control of neurite development by nerve growth factor.","volume":"74","author":"Campenot","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102092","article-title":"Neuromuscular junction dismantling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"18","author":"Cappello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028090","article-title":"Striking denervation of neuromuscular junctions without lumbar motoneuron loss in geriatric mouse muscle.","volume":"6","author":"Chai","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.284133","article-title":"Loss of \u03b22-laminin alters calcium sensitivity and voltage-gated calcium channel maturation of neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction.","volume":"593","author":"Chand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59544-7.00015-9","article-title":"Generation of motor neurons from pluripotent stem cells.","volume":"201","author":"Chipman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990384","article-title":"How do glial cells contribute to motor control?","volume":"19","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4953","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-13-04953.1998","article-title":"Axon withdrawal during synapse elimination at the neuromuscular junction is accompanied by disassembly of the postsynaptic specialization and withdrawal of Schwann cell processes.","volume":"18","author":"Culican","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(20000401)49:1<26::AID-JEMT4<3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Rodent nerve-muscle cell culture system for studies of neuromuscular junction development: refinements and applications.","volume":"49","author":"Daniels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3821","article-title":"Neuromuscular synaptogenesis: coordinating partners with multiple functions.","volume":"15","author":"Darabid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.01.068","article-title":"Embryonic motoneuron-skeletal muscle co-culture in a defined system.","volume":"146","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2015.07.005","article-title":"Formation and characterisation of neuromuscular junctions between hiPSC derived motoneurons and myotubes.","volume":"15","author":"Demestre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158799","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons.","volume":"321","author":"Dimos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.02.002","article-title":"Motoneuron loss is associated with sarcopenia.","volume":"15","author":"Drey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03708.1998","article-title":"Nitric oxide-dependent production of cGMP supports the survival of rat embryonic motor neurons cultured with brain-derived neurotrophic factor.","volume":"18","author":"Est\u00e9vez","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858405277409","article-title":"Synapse-glia interactions at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.01.013","article-title":"Microglia induce motor neuron death via the classical NF-\u03baB pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"81","author":"Frakes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.02.007","article-title":"Spinal cord organotypic slice cultures for the study of regenerating motor axon interactions with 3D scaffolds.","volume":"35","author":"Gerardo-Nava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20617","article-title":"In vitro study of axonal migration and myelination of motor neurons in a three-dimensional tissue-engineered model.","volume":"56","author":"Gingras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4285-4","article-title":"Unravelling the regulation of insulin transport across the brain endothelial cell.","volume":"60","author":"Gray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.4.789","article-title":"Dynamics of nerve-muscle interaction in developing and mature neuromuscular junctions.","volume":"75","author":"Grinnell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2010.0040","article-title":"Neuromuscular junction formation between human stem-cell-derived motoneurons and rat skeletal muscle in a defined system.","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part C Methods"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.09.014","article-title":"Neuromuscular junction formation between human stem cell-derived motoneurons and human skeletal muscle in a defined system.","volume":"32","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.09.053","article-title":"Extracellular matrix components as therapeutics for spinal cord injury.","volume":"652","author":"Haggerty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7973664","article-title":"GDNF: a potent survival factor for motoneurons present in peripheral nerve and muscle.","volume":"266","author":"Henderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4345","article-title":"ALS disrupts spinal motor neuron maturation and aging pathways within gene co-expression networks.","volume":"19","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot067603","article-title":"Imaging synaptic vesicle recycling by staining and destaining vesicles with FM dyes.","volume":"2012","author":"Hoopmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050690","article-title":"Regulation of spinal motoneuron survival by GDNF during development and following injury.","volume":"286","author":"Houenou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15122","article-title":"Coculture of primary motor neurons and schwann cells as a model for in vitro myelination.","volume":"5","author":"Hyung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf3962","article-title":"The Src\/c-Abl pathway is a potential therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"9","author":"Imamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.05.005.2009","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte development and the onset of myelination in the human fetal brain.","volume":"3","author":"Jakovcevski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03752.x","article-title":"Origin of acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction formed in the in vitro innervated human muscle.","volume":"20","author":"Jevsek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn156","article-title":"Reduced SMN protein impairs maturation of the neuromuscular junctions in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy.","volume":"17","author":"Kariya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021800","article-title":"Calcium channels involved in synaptic transmission at the mature and regenerating mouse neuromuscular junction.","author":"Katz","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00383-X","article-title":"Asynchronous synapse elimination in neonatal motor units: studies using GFP transgenic mice.","volume":"31","author":"Keller-Peck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"1993","article-title":"\u201cAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis overview,\u201d in","author":"Kinsley","year":"1993","journal-title":"SourceGeneReviews<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903420105","article-title":"Ventral root avulsion: an experimental model of death of adult motor neurons.","volume":"342","author":"Koliatsos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20848","article-title":"Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in myotube-cholinergic neuron cocultures.","volume":"83","author":"Lanuza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1000902","article-title":"Age-related changes of skeletal muscles: physiology, pathology and regeneration.","volume":"66","author":"\u0141awniczak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.10.010","article-title":"Schwann cells participate in synapse elimination at the developing neuromuscular junction.","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B59","first-page":"242","article-title":"Induction of functional recovery by co-transplantation of neural stem cells and Schwann cells in a rat spinal cord contusion injury model.","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9771","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.21.9771","article-title":"Rescue of adult mouse motoneurons from injury-induced cell death by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0620","article-title":"Directed differentiation of ventral spinal progenitors and motor neurons from human embryonic stem cells by small molecules.","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.06.011","article-title":"Transformation from a neuroprotective to a neurotoxic microglial phenotype in a mouse model of ALS.","volume":"237","author":"Liao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEUR.0000020622.58471.37","article-title":"Watching the neuromuscular junction.","volume":"32","author":"Lichtman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3183","article-title":"Small molecules enable neurogenin 2 to efficiently convert human fibroblasts into cholinergic neurons.","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.07.002","article-title":"Role of microglia in neurotrauma.","volume":"7","author":"Loane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90014-Y","article-title":"Dependence of postnatal motoneurones on their targets: review and hypothesis.","volume":"15","author":"Lowrie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.08.006","article-title":"Electrical stimulation enhances the acetylcholine receptors available for neuromuscular junction formation.","volume":"45","author":"Lozano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200007150-00022","article-title":"Advances in secondary spinal cord injury: role of apoptosis.","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.2741\/3637","article-title":"Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and plasticity.","volume":"15","author":"Maeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06978.x","article-title":"Intrinsic activity and positive feedback in motor circuits in organotypic spinal cord slice cultures.","volume":"30","author":"Magloire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1312","article-title":"Differentiation of glial cells and motor neurons during the formation of neuromuscular junctions in cocultures of rat spinal cord explant and human muscle.","volume":"438","author":"Mars","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-328-8_5","article-title":"Isolation and culture of postnatal spinal motoneurons.","volume":"793","author":"Milligan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B73","first-page":"171","article-title":"Effects of a voltage sensitive calcium channel blocker and a sodium-calcium exchanger inhibitor on apoptosis of motor neurons in adult spinal cord slices.","volume":"14","author":"Momeni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.104.3.917","article-title":"The regulation of bidirectional mitochondrial transport is coordinated with axonal outgrowth.","volume":"104","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.66.195","article-title":"Perisynaptic barrier of proteoglycans in the mature brain and spinal cord.","volume":"66","author":"Murakami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Histol. Cytol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2003.08.006","article-title":"A requirement for retinoic acid-mediated transcriptional activation in ventral neural patterning and motor neuron specification.","volume":"40","author":"Novitch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.003","article-title":"Ca2+ channels and synaptic transmission at the adult, neonatal, and P\/Q-type deficient neuromuscular junction.","volume":"998","author":"Nudler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00028-6","article-title":"The trophic requirements of mature motoneurons.","volume":"789","author":"Oorschot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610130","article-title":"Neuromuscular junction in a microfluidic device.","volume":"2013","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71601","article-title":"Emerging mechanisms of molecular pathology in ALS.","volume":"125","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80802-8","article-title":"A sonic hedgehog-independent, retinoid-activated pathway of neurogenesis in the ventral spinal cord.","volume":"97","author":"Pierani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-009-9393-3","article-title":"Analysis of neuroprotective effects of valproic acid on primary motor neurons in monoculture or co-cultures with astrocytes or Schwann cells.","volume":"29","author":"Ragancokova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1060100204","article-title":"Structural and functional correlates of synaptic transmission in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.","volume":"10","author":"Rash","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Electron Microsc. Tech."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.01.011","article-title":"Necroptosis drives motor neuron death in models of both sporadic and familial ALS.","volume":"81","author":"Re","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.11.037","article-title":"Expression of terminal effector genes in mammalian neurons is maintained by a dynamic relay of transient enhancers.","volume":"92","author":"Rhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3609","article-title":"Axon-soma communication in neuronal injury.","volume":"15","author":"Rishal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.533ae.x","article-title":"Calcium channels coupled to neurotransmitter release at neonatal rat neuromuscular junctions.","volume":"514","author":"Rosato Siri","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02015.x","article-title":"Differential Ca2+-dependence of transmitter release mediated by P\/Q- and N-type calcium channels at neonatal rat neuromuscular junctions.","volume":"15","author":"Rosato-Siri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.09.013","article-title":"Myelin dynamics: protecting and shaping neuronal functions.","volume":"47","author":"Saab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.389","article-title":"Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.","volume":"22","author":"Sanes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/35097557","article-title":"Induction, assembly, maturation and maintenance of a postsynaptic apparatus.","volume":"2","author":"Sanes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00507-8","article-title":"Calcium channels coupled to neurotransmitter release at dually innervated neuromuscular junctions in the newborn rat.","volume":"102","author":"Santaf\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.04.005","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying maturation and maintenance of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.","volume":"35","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.07.014","article-title":"Conversion of mouse and human fibroblasts into functional spinal motor neurons.","volume":"9","author":"Son","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.06.002","article-title":"Microfluidic primary culture model of the lower motor neuron-neuromuscular junction circuit.","volume":"218","author":"Southam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(95)90006-3","article-title":"cDNA sequence and differential mRNA regulation of two forms of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in Schwann cells and rat skeletal muscle.","volume":"131","author":"Springer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.10.002","article-title":"Functional connectivity under optogenetic control allows modeling of human neuromuscular disease.","volume":"18","author":"Steinbeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228262","article-title":"Miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials in embryonic motoneurons grown in slice cultures of spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and skeletal muscle.","volume":"89","author":"Streit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20100107","article-title":"Neuron-glia interactions: the roles of Schwann cells in neuromuscular synapse formation and function.","volume":"31","author":"Sugiura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7571-6_32","article-title":"Primary motor neuron culture to promote cellular viability and myelination.","volume":"1727","author":"Suh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8990-4","article-title":"Protective properties of neural extracellular matrix.","volume":"53","author":"Suttkus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024","article-title":"Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.","volume":"126","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2126-14.2015","article-title":"Motoneurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells develop mature phenotypes typical of endogenous spinal motoneurons.","volume":"35","author":"Toma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01635.x","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characterization of rhythmic activity in rat spinal cord slice cultures.","volume":"14","author":"Tscherter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B105","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Motor unit changes in normal aging: a brief review.","volume":"55","author":"Tudora\u0282cu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.8.3330","article-title":"P-type voltage-dependent calcium channel mediates presynaptic calcium influx and transmitter release in mammalian synapses.","volume":"89","author":"Uchitel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2003.10.011","article-title":"Schwann cells and astrocytes induce synapse formation by spinal motor neurons in culture.","volume":"25","author":"Ullian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.2.861","article-title":"Electronic structure of motoneurons in spinal cord slice cultures: a comparison of compartmental and equivalent cylinder models.","volume":"72","author":"Ulrich","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437991100","article-title":"Altered properties of quantal neurotransmitter release at endplates of mice lacking P\/Q-type Ca2+ channels.","volume":"100","author":"Urbano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/0968768021000035087","article-title":"Calcium channels involved in neurotransmitter release at adult, neonatal and P\/Q-type deficient neuromuscular junctions (Review).","volume":"19","author":"Urbano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501429","article-title":"Microfluidic device for the formation of optically excitable, three-dimensional, compartmentalized motor units.","volume":"2","author":"Uzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B112","first-page":"241","article-title":"The role of AMPA receptors and VEGF in ALS.","volume":"71","author":"Van Damme","year":"2009","journal-title":"Verh. K. Acad. Geneeskd. Belg."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.130278","article-title":"A system for studying mechanisms of neuromuscular junction development and maintenance.","volume":"143","author":"Vilmont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01142-X","article-title":"In vivo time-lapse imaging of synaptic takeover associated with naturally occurring synapse elimination.","volume":"37","author":"Walsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00835-8","article-title":"Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons.","volume":"110","author":"Wichterle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.02.010","article-title":"Modeling the early phenotype at the neuromuscular junction of spinal muscular atrophy using patient-derived iPSCs.","volume":"4","author":"Yoshida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.167544","article-title":"A compartmentalized microfluidic neuromuscular co-culture system reveals spatial aspects of GDNF functions.","volume":"128","author":"Zahavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00061\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T10:38:20Z","timestamp":1751452700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00061\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2018.00061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"article-number":"61"}}