{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:53:35Z","timestamp":1792364015546,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson\u2019s Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impairs movement as well as causing multiple other symptoms such as autonomic dysfunction, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, hyposmia, and cognitive changes. Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and loss of dopamine terminals in the striatum contribute to characteristic motor features. Although therapies ease the symptoms of PD, there are no treatments to slow its progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic impairments and axonal degeneration precede neuronal cell body loss. Early synaptic changes may be a target to prevent disease onset and slow progression. Imaging of PD patients with radioligands, post-mortem pathologic studies in sporadic PD patients, and animal models of PD demonstrate abnormalities in presynaptic terminals as well as postsynaptic dendritic spines. Dopaminergic and excitatory synapses are substantially reduced in PD, and whether other neuronal subtypes show synaptic defects remains relatively unexplored. Genetic studies implicate several genes that play a role at the synapse, providing additional support for synaptic dysfunction in PD. In this review article we: (1) provide evidence for synaptic defects occurring in PD before neuron death; (2) describe the main genes implicated in PD that could contribute to synapse dysfunction; and (3) show correlations between the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Snca<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA and mouse homologs of PD GWAS genes demonstrating selective enrichment of\n                    <jats:italic>Snca<\/jats:italic>\n                    and synaptic genes in dopaminergic, excitatory and cholinergic neurons. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for novel therapeutics targeting the synapse and suggest that future studies should explore the roles for PD-implicated genes across multiple neuron types and circuits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.626128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:13:27Z","timestamp":1614644007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic and Axon Degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nolwazi Z.","family":"Gcwensa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dr\u00e8son L.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita M.","family":"Cowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Volpicelli-Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(00)80886-7","article-title":"Mice lacking \u03b1-synuclein display functional deficits in the nigrostriatal dopamine system","volume":"25","author":"Abeliovich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17876-0","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of the human substantia nigra reveals cell-specific pathways associated with neurological disorders","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24961","article-title":"The missing, the short and the long: levodopa responses and dopamine actions","volume":"82","author":"Albin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1996.0018","article-title":"Synaptic plasticity in the caudate nucleus of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Anglade","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.158196","article-title":"LRRK2 functions in synaptic vesicle endocytosis through a kinase-dependent mechanism","volume":"128","author":"Arranz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02181-3","article-title":"Large-scale pathway specific polygenic risk and transcriptomic community network analysis identifies novel functional pathways in Parkinson disease","volume":"140","author":"Bandres-Ciga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-019-0101-9","article-title":"PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin predominantly in astrocytes","volume":"5","author":"Barodia","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0538-8","article-title":"Unified staging system for lewy body disorders: correlation with nigrostriatal degeneration, cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction","volume":"117","author":"Beach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00301","article-title":"Synaptic function is modulated by LRRK2 and glutamate release is increased in cortical neurons of G2019S LRRK2 knock-in mice","volume":"8","author":"Beccano-Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-017-0008-2","article-title":"Synaptic proteins in CSF relate to Parkinson\u2019s disease stage markers","volume":"3","author":"Bereczki","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30287-X","article-title":"The genetic architecture of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Blauwendraat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201607305","article-title":"Seeding and transgenic overexpression of \u03b1-synuclein triggers dendritic spine pathology in the neocortex","volume":"9","author":"Blumenstock","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25135","article-title":"Living on the edge with too many mouths to feed: why dopamine neurons die","volume":"27","author":"Bolam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2017.04.001","article-title":"The role of astrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Booth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sparodic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0610-9","article-title":"Genetic identification of cell types underlying brain complex traits yields insights into the etiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"52","author":"Bryois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9080","article-title":"Dopamine oxidation mediates mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"357","author":"Burbulla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195227","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein promotes SNARE-complex assembly in vivo and in vitro","volume":"329","author":"Burr\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140184","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0184","article-title":"Levodopa-induced plasticity: a double-edged sword in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"370","author":"Calabresi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3743","article-title":"Direct and indirect pathways of basal ganglia: a critical reappraisal","volume":"17","author":"Calabresi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16544","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1710-14.2014","article-title":"Upregulation of parkin in endophilin mutant mice","volume":"34","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.01.019","article-title":"Parkinson sac domain mutation in synaptojanin 1 impairs clathrin uncoating at synapses and triggers dystrophic changes in dopaminergic axons","volume":"93","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.09.028","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein cooperates with CSPalpha in preventing neurodegeneration","volume":"123","author":"Chandra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3955","article-title":"A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 17 new Parkinson\u2019s disease risk loci","volume":"49","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58997","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58997","article-title":"Pathway-specific dysregulation of striatal excitatory synapses by LRRK2 mutations","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5765","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814909116","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease-linked D620N VPS35 knockin mice manifest tau neuropathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws133","article-title":"Alterations in axonal transport motor proteins in sporadic and experimental Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"135","author":"Chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx275","article-title":"Synaptic phosphorylated \u03b1-synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"140","author":"Colom-Cadena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3654","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson disease: a review","volume":"311","author":"Connolly","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063522","article-title":"Kinetic stabilization of the \u03b1-synuclein protofibril by a dopamine-\u03b1-synuclein adduct","volume":"294","author":"Conway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12243","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1473-16.2016","article-title":"Parkin deficiency reduces hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission by impairing AMPA receptor endocytosis","volume":"36","author":"Cortese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61757-x","article-title":"The expression level of \u03b1-synuclein in different neuronal populations is the primary determinant of its prion-like seeding","volume":"10","author":"Courte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.033","article-title":"Basal and evoked neurotransmitter levels in parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 knockout rat striatum","volume":"409","author":"Creed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81649-9","article-title":"Essential role of phosphoinositide metabolism in synaptic vesicle recycling","volume":"99","author":"Cremona","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22798","article-title":"The role of parkin in familial and sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Dawson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1632","article-title":"Selective elimination of glutamatergic synapses on striatopallidal neurons in Parkinson disease models","volume":"9","author":"Day","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12298","article-title":"Review: sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease: development and distribution of \u03b1-synuclein pathology","volume":"42","author":"Del Tredici","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28216","article-title":"Loss of presynaptic terminal integrity in the substantia nigra in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Delva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342ra378","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf3634","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein binds to TOM20 and inhibits mitochondrial protein import in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Di Maio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10154","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5311-12.2013","article-title":"Calcium entry and \u03b1-synuclein inclusions elevate dendritic mitochondrial oxidant stress in dopaminergic neurons","volume":"33","author":"Dryanovski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10279","article-title":"Novel antibodies to synuclein show abundant striatal pathology in lewy body diseases","volume":"52","author":"Duda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz065","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein targets GluN2A NMDA receptor subunit causing striatal synaptic dysfunction and visuospatial memory alteration","volume":"142","author":"Durante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36458","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036458","article-title":"A deleterious mutation in DNAJC6 encoding the neuronal-specific clathrin-uncoating co-chaperone auxilin, is associated with juvenile parkinsonism","volume":"7","author":"Edvardson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27316","article-title":"Nigrostriatal dopamine transporter availability in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Fazio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.028","article-title":"A cortical pathogenic theory of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"99","author":"Foffani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0537-x","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein fibril-induced paradoxical structural and functional defects in hippocampal neurons","volume":"6","author":"Froula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00171","article-title":"Synaptic vesicle endocytosis in different model systems","volume":"12","author":"Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00295","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein: from early synaptic dysfunction to neurodegeneration","volume":"9","author":"Ghiglieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00455","article-title":"On cell loss and selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Giguere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008352","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008352","article-title":"Increased vulnerability of nigral dopamine neurons after expansion of their axonal arborization size through D2 dopamine receptor conditional knockout","volume":"15","author":"Giguere","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx351","article-title":"Motor learning and metaplasticity in striatal neurons: relevance for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"141","author":"Giordano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43628","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308947200","article-title":"Parkin-deficient mice exhibit nigrostriatal deficits but not loss of dopaminergic neurons","volume":"278","author":"Goldberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.02.005","article-title":"Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"252","author":"Gonzalez-Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00032","article-title":"Delayed spine pruning of direct pathway spiny projection neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Graves","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28802-4_6","article-title":"The striatum and decision-making based on value","volume-title":"Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain","author":"Graybiel","year":"2016"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28197","article-title":"The Parkinson\u2019s disease genome-wide association study locus browser","volume":"35","author":"Grenn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14483-x","article-title":"Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information","volume":"11","author":"Guelfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf251","article-title":"Clinical correlates of selective pathology in the amygdala of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"125","author":"Harding","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-019-0077-5","article-title":"The Parkinson\u2019s phenome-traits associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease in a broadly phenotyped cohort","volume":"5","author":"Heilbron","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabc2487","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc2487","article-title":"Determinants of seeding and spreading of \u03b1-synuclein pathology in the brain","volume":"6","author":"Henrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.020","article-title":"Integration of GWAS SNPs and tissue specific expression profiling reveal discrete eQTLs for human traits in blood and brain","volume":"47","author":"Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg269","article-title":"The autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, interacts with and ubiquitinates synaptotagmin XI","volume":"12","author":"Huynh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-510x(01)00481-6","article-title":"A neuropathological study of the disturbance of the nigro-amygdaloid connections in brains from patients with dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"185","author":"Iseki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(99)00370-x","article-title":"SV2C is a synaptic vesicle protein with an unusually restricted localization: anatomy of a synaptic vesicle protein family","volume":"94","author":"Janz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0985","article-title":"Conversion to Parkinson disease in the PARS hyposmic and dopamine transporter-deficit prodromal cohort","volume":"74","author":"Jennings","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1096-7","article-title":"\u03b1-synucleinopathy associated with G51D SNCA mutation: a link between Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy?","volume":"125","author":"Kiely","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.07.014","article-title":"Identification of a novel homozygous mutation Arg459Pro in SYNJ1 gene of an indian family with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism","volume":"31","author":"Kirola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27383","article-title":"Disease modification for Parkinson\u2019s disease: axonal regeneration and trophic factors","volume":"33","author":"Kordower","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt192","article-title":"Disease duration and the integrity of the nigrostriatal system in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"136","author":"Kordower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.11.006","article-title":"DNAJC6 is responsible for juvenile Parkinsonism with phenotypic variability","volume":"19","author":"Koroglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4564-06.2007","article-title":"Presynaptic \u03b1-synuclein aggregates, not lewy bodies, cause neurodegeneration in dementia with lewy bodies","volume":"27","author":"Kramer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22372","article-title":"The Sac1 domain of SYNJ1 identified mutated in a family with early-onset progressive Parkinsonism with generalized seizures","volume":"34","author":"Krebs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00153","article-title":"A critical LRRK at the synapse? the neurobiological function and pathophysiological dysfunction of LRRK2","volume":"13","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-160881","article-title":"Is axonal degeneration a key early event in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"6","author":"Kurowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0334com","article-title":"Direct binding and functional coupling of \u03b1-synuclein to the dopamine transporters accelerate dopamine-induced apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R49","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-9822(01)00010-0","article-title":"Clathrin uncoating: auxilin comes to life","volume":"11","author":"Lemmon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23894","article-title":"G51D \u03b1-synuclein mutation causes a novel parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Lesage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5604-09.2010","article-title":"Enhanced striatal dopamine transmission and motor performance with LRRK2 overexpression in mice is eliminated by familial Parkinson\u2019s disease mutation G2019S","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00158","article-title":"From synaptic dysfunction to neuroprotective strategies in genetic Parkinson\u2019s disease: lessons from LRRK2","volume":"14","author":"Mancini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5182","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6182","article-title":"Parkin regulates kainate receptors by interacting with the GluK2 subunit","volume":"5","author":"Maraschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32806","article-title":"Dopamine-modified \u03b1-synuclein blocks chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"118","author":"Martinez-Vicente","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7128","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3314-15.2016","article-title":"Altered development of synapse structure and function in striatum caused by Parkinson\u2019s disease-linked LRRK2-G2019S mutation","volume":"36","author":"Matikainen-Ankney","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4029-08.2009","article-title":"Single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons form widely spread and highly dense axonal arborizations in the neostriatum","volume":"29","author":"Matsuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25682","article-title":"Synaptic changes in Parkinson disease assessed with in vivo imaging","volume":"87","author":"Matuskey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90124-2","article-title":"Atrophy of medium spiny i striatal dendrites in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"455","author":"McNeill","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.08.029","article-title":"Recruitment of endophilin to clathrin-coated pit necks is required for efficient vesicle uncoating after fission","volume":"72","author":"Milosevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5601-11.2012","article-title":"LRRK2 inhibition attenuates microglial inflammatory responses","volume":"32","author":"Moehle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25719","article-title":"Human-specific transcriptome of ventral and dorsal midbrain dopamine neurons","volume":"87","author":"Monz\u00f3n-Sandoval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu582","article-title":"Retromer-dependent neurotransmitter receptor trafficking to synapses is altered by the Parkinson\u2019s disease VPS35 mutation pD620N","volume":"24","author":"Munsie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-09-03214.2000","article-title":"Synucleins are developmentally expressed and \u03b1-synuclein regulates the size of the presynaptic vesicular pool in primary hippocampal neurons","volume":"20","author":"Murphy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3043","article-title":"Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies six new risk loci for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"Nalls","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","article-title":"Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights and heritable risk for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"18","author":"Nalls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28063","article-title":"DNAJC6 mutations disrupt dopamine homeostasis in juvenile Parkinsonism-dystonia","volume":"35","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5576","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717590115","article-title":"LRRK2 phosphorylation of auxilin mediates synaptic defects in dopaminergic neurons from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.11.001","article-title":"Synaptic, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000895","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000895","article-title":"Candidate causal regulatory effects by integration of expression QTLs with complex trait genetic associations","volume":"6","author":"Nica","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27690","article-title":"Levodopa is the best symptomatic therapy for PD: nothing more, nothing less","volume":"34","author":"Olanow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24553","article-title":"DNAJC6 mutations associated with early-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"79","author":"Olgiati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-014-0406-0","article-title":"PARK20 caused by SYNJ1 homozygous Arg258Gln mutation in a new italian family","volume":"15","author":"Olgiati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogenetics"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.11.036","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein induces mitochondrial dysfunction through spectrin and the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"97","author":"Ordonez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.07.050","article-title":"Elevated mitochondrial bioenergetics and axonal arborization size are key contributors to the vulnerability of dopamine neurons","volume":"25","author":"Pacelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14182","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2149-10.2010","article-title":"Distinct levels of dopamine denervation differentially alter striatal synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptor subunit composition","volume":"30","author":"Paill\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11366","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0964-17.2017","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated LRRK2 hyperactive kinase mutant disrupts synaptic vesicle trafficking in ventral midbrain neurons","volume":"37","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.04.020","article-title":"Crosstalk between presynaptic trafficking and autophagy in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"122","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3636","article-title":"LRRK2 regulates synaptogenesis and dopamine receptor activation through modulation of PKA activity","volume":"17","author":"Parisiadou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.05.016","article-title":"Mutant LRRK2 enhances glutamatergic synapse activity and evokes excitotoxic dendrite degeneration","volume":"1842","author":"Plowey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2045","article-title":"Mutation in the \u03b1-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"276","author":"Polymeropoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22373","article-title":"Mutation in the SYNJ1 gene associated with autosomal recessive, early-onset Parkinsonism","volume":"34","author":"Quadri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-019-0076-6","article-title":"Moving beyond neurons: the role of cell type-specific gene regulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease heritability","volume":"5","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx006","article-title":"The synaptic function of parkin","volume":"140","author":"Sassone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00273","article-title":"Early dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with parkin mutation: a primary corticostriatal synaptopathy?","volume":"13","author":"Sassone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015.e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.028","article-title":"Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain","volume":"174","author":"Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6629","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1610-04.2004","article-title":"A complete genetic analysis of neuronal Rab3 function","volume":"24","author":"Schl\u00fcter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27193","article-title":"Neuropathology of genetic synucleinopathies with parkinsonism: review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70411-2","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and genetic characteristics of early-onset parkinsonism","volume":"5","author":"Schrag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10129","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0535-12.2012","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein inhibits intersynaptic vesicle mobility and maintains recycling-pool homeostasis","volume":"32","author":"Scott","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1091-10.2010","article-title":"A pathologic cascade leading to synaptic dysfunction in \u03b1-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration","volume":"30","author":"Scott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090278","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"302","author":"Singleton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0448-9","article-title":"Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation","volume":"561","author":"Sliter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/42166","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein in lewy bodies","volume":"388","author":"Spillantini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.67","article-title":"Clinical and pathological features of a Parkinsonian syndrome in a family with an Ala53Thr \u03b1-synuclein mutation","volume":"49","author":"Spira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12813","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12813","article-title":"Phosphoproteomics reveals that Parkinson\u2019s disease kinase LRRK2 regulates a subset of Rab GTPases","volume":"5","author":"Steger","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.01.007","article-title":"Evidence of a breakdown of corticostriatal connections in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"132","author":"Stephens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104708","article-title":"Behavioral defects associated with amygdala and cortical dysfunction in mice with seeded \u03b1-synuclein inclusions","volume":"134","author":"Stoyka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11113","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903049116","article-title":"Functional cooperation of \u03b1-synuclein and VAMP2 in synaptic vesicle recycling","volume":"116","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.008","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons","volume":"30","author":"Surmeier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.178","article-title":"Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease","volume":"18","author":"Surmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-018-0464-8","article-title":"Expression of \u03b1-synuclein is regulated in a neuronal cell type-dependent manner","volume":"94","author":"Taguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat. Sci. Int."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.03.020","article-title":"The retromer supports AMPA receptor trafficking during LTP","volume":"94","author":"Temkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105229","article-title":"PET imaging reveals early and progressive dopaminergic deficits after intra-striatal injection of preformed \u03b1-synuclein fibrils in rats","volume":"149","author":"Thomsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.08.013","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein produces early behavioral alterations via striatal cholinergic synaptic dysfunction by interacting with GluN2D N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit","volume":"79","author":"Tozzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0221-2","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated neuroprotection in a G2019S Lrrk2 genetic model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Tozzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1909","article-title":"Disease penetrance of late-onset parkinsonism: a meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Trinh","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.023","article-title":"Synucleins have multiple effects on presynaptic architecture","volume":"18","author":"Vargas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1735-6","article-title":"Loss and remodeling of striatal dendritic spines in Parkinson\u2019s disease: from homeostasis to maladaptive plasticity?","volume":"125","author":"Villalba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.08.033","article-title":"Exogenous \u03b1-synuclein fibrils induce Lewy body pathology leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuron death","volume":"72","author":"Volpicelli-Daley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28377","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28377","article-title":"Initial elevations in glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission decline with age, as does exploratory behavior, in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice","volume":"6","author":"Volta","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160238","article-title":"LRRK2 mouse models: dissecting the behavior, striatal neurochemistry and neurophysiology of PD pathogenesis","volume":"45","author":"Volta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.027","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein multimers cluster synaptic vesicles and attenuate recycling","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23583","article-title":"Differential LRRK2 expression in the cortex, striatum and substantia nigra in transgenic and nontransgenic rodents","volume":"522","author":"West","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.04.024","article-title":"From genome to function by studying eQTLs","volume":"1842","author":"Westra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27741","article-title":"Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism","volume":"34","author":"Wichmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23469","article-title":"The motor phenotype of Parkinson\u2019s disease in relation to age at onset","volume":"26","author":"Wickremaratchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27823","article-title":"Neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease: should the focus be on axons and synaptic terminals?","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0060-19.2019","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1syn) preformed fibrils induce endogenous \u03b1syn aggregation, compromise synaptic activity and enhance synapse loss in cultured excitatory hippocampal neurons","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000738107","article-title":"Endocytosis and clathrin-uncoating defects at synapses of auxilin knockout mice","volume":"107","author":"Yim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.02.031","article-title":"Progressive dopaminergic alterations and mitochondrial abnormalities in LRRK2 G2019S knock-in mice","volume":"78","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0685-8","article-title":"A community-based transcriptomics classification and nomenclature of neocortical cell types","volume":"23","author":"Yuste","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000150591.33787.A4","article-title":"Dendritic degeneration in neostriatal medium spiny neurons in Parkinson disease","volume":"64","author":"Zaja-Milatovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999.e22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.021","article-title":"Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system","volume":"174","author":"Zeisel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-01997-y","article-title":"Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"126","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0567-7","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease-linked parkin mutations impair glutamatergic signaling in hippocampal neurons","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.626128\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:13:32Z","timestamp":1614644012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.626128\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"references-count":152,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2021.626128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.626128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"article-number":"626128"}}