{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:25:09Z","timestamp":1782969909658,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stem cell therapy, which has become a potential regenerative medical treatment and a promising approach for treating brain injuries induced by different types of cerebrovascular disease, has various application methods. Activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) can enable infarcted neuron replacement and promote neural networks\u2019 regeneration without the technical and ethical issues associated with the transplantation of exogenous stem cells. Thus, NSC activation can be a feasible strategy to treat central nervous system (CNS) injury. The potential molecular mechanisms of drug therapy for the activation of endogenous NSCs have gradually been revealed by researchers. Traditional Chinese medicine monomers (TCMs) are active components extracted from Chinese herbs, and some of them have demonstrated the potential to activate proliferation and neurogenesis of NSCs in CNS diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1, astragaloside IV (AST), icariin (ICA), salvianolic acid B (Sal B), resveratrol (RES), curcumin, artesunate (ART), and ginkgolide B (GB) have positive effects on NSCs <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> different signaling pathways and molecules, such as the Wingless\/integrated\/\u03b2-catenin (Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin) signaling pathway, the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). This article may provide further motivation for researchers to take advantage of TCMs in studies on CNS injury and stem cell therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.628115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T05:17:00Z","timestamp":1614316620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers: Novel Strategy for Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Activation After Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ju","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezhu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-012-0213-6","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factors A and C are induced in the SVZ following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and exert different effects on neonatal glial progenitors","volume":"4","author":"Bain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00211","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle therapy for stroke: challenges and progress","volume":"10","author":"Bang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1169-7","article-title":"Protective effects of curcumin against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the nervous system","volume":"56","author":"Bavarsad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del255","article-title":"Ginkgolide B induces apoptosis and developmental injury in mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts","volume":"21","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11081","article-title":"Ginsenoside metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol promotes neural stem cell transition from a state of proliferation to differentiation by inducing autophagy and cell cycle arrest","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.02.016","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of highly similar salvianolic acids with 1H qNMR for quality control of traditional 353\u2013363 medicinal preparation Salvianolate Lyophilized Injection","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2017.0168","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B enhances hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells through upregulation of WNT pathway and inhibition of Notch pathway","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1159\/000374009","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog signaling mediates resveratrol to increase proliferation of neural stem cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation injury in vitro","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180911123341","article-title":"Astragaloside IV supplementation promotes a neuroprotective effect in experimental models of neurological disorders: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00806-z","article-title":"Cell death pathways in ischemic stroke and targeted pharmacotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Datta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21505","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21505","article-title":"Age-related neurogenesis decline in the subventricular zone is associated with specific cell cycle regulation changes in activated neural stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Daynac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.06.011","article-title":"Reparative therapy for acute ischemic stroke with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue: a safety assessment: a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, pilot clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"D\u00edez-Tejedor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1600355","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes neural differentiation of mouse adipose-derived stem cells via the miRNA-124 signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2018.2099","article-title":"Metabolomics study on the effects of salvianolic acid B and borneol for treating cerebral ischemia in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"22","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.10.002","article-title":"Blood brain barrier permeability and therapeutic time window of ginkgolide B in ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"39","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00908","article-title":"Adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for stroke treatment","volume":"10","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Susavila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2095-y","article-title":"Stimulatory effect of icariin on the proliferation of neural stem cells from rat hippocampus","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5188","article-title":"Review of the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi)","volume":"28","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837042","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/837042","article-title":"Properties of resveratrol: in vitro and in vivo studies about metabolism, bioavailability, and biological effects in animal models and humans","volume":"2015","author":"Gambini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00639","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of the synergistic effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in combination with neural stem cell transplantation in ischemic stroke rats","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000997","article-title":"Proliferation and committed differentiation into dopamine neurons of neural stem cells induced by the active ingredients of radix astragali","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8875","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7737","article-title":"Effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on the proliferation and glial-like directed differentiation of embryonic rat cortical neural stem cells in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.07.013","article-title":"Neural stem cell therapy-brief review","volume":"173","author":"Grochowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.20-0134","article-title":"Grafted human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons integrate into adult human cortical neural circuitry","volume":"9","author":"Gr\u00f8nning Hansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.07.016","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation is associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ginkgolide B in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"47","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00590","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of artesunate in experimental model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Gugliandolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-010-3106-5","article-title":"Effects of salvianolic acid B on proliferation, neurite outgrowth and differentiation of neural stem cells derived from the cerebral cortex of embryonic mice","volume":"53","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106980","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3106980","article-title":"Effect of astragaloside IV on neural stem cell transplantation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease rat models","volume":"2016","author":"Haiyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00147.x","article-title":"Review: curcumin and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-013-1583-7","article-title":"Icariin promotes self-renewal of neural stem cells: an involvement of extracellular regulated kinase signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092178","article-title":"Astragaloside IV promotes adult neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus of mouse through CXCL1\/CXCR2 signaling","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21652","article-title":"Immune or inflammatory response by the host brain suppresses neuronal differentiation of transplanted ES cell-derived neural precursor cells","volume":"86","author":"Ideguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2019.10537","article-title":"Neuroprotective role of icariin in experimental spinal cord injury via its antioxidant, anti neuroinflammatory and antiapoptotic properties","volume":"20","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00872-3","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus\/poststroke hyperglycemia: a detrimental factor for tPA thrombolytic stroke therapy","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B34","first-page":"3477","article-title":"Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on functional expression of human neural stem cells: a patch clamp study","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70023-7","article-title":"Global variation in stroke burden and mortality: estimates from monitoring, surveillance, and modelling","volume":"8","author":"Johnston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.96.026","article-title":"The significance of gene expression dynamics in neural stem cell regulation","volume":"96","author":"Kageyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197380","article-title":"Clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral ischemic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Kawabori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2938-1","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms following ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Khoshnam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.038","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunctions induced by a cholinergic blockade and A\u03b2 25\u201335 peptide are attenuated by salvianolic acid B","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14497","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708373200","article-title":"Curcumin stimulates proliferation of embryonic neural progenitor cells and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus","volume":"283","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122589","article-title":"The role of resveratrol in cancer therapy","volume":"18","author":"Ko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.08.006","article-title":"Increased subventricular zone-derived cortical neurogenesis after ischemic lesion","volume":"226","author":"Kreuzberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32960-8","article-title":"Ginkgolide B promotes neuronal differentiation through the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in neural stem cells of the postnatal mammalian subventricular zone","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25942","article-title":"Resveratrol enhances self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.36.002","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of ginsenoside Rg1 against Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.12.036","article-title":"Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against oxygen-glucose-deprivation-induced apoptosis in neural stem cells","volume":"373","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"509","article-title":"Study on functional recovery of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by Rg1-induced NSCs","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.156971","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1-induced neural stem cell transplantation on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2329-z","article-title":"Post-marketing safety surveillance and re-evaluation of Xueshuantong injection","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117730","article-title":"Icariin protects rabbit BMSCs against OGD-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ERs-mediated autophagy via MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"253","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.071","article-title":"Icariin and mesenchymal stem cells synergistically promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia via PI3K and ERK1\/2 pathways","volume":"108","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-018-0648-5","article-title":"The serum BDNF level offers minimum predictive value for motor function recovery after stroke","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.05.002","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B attenuates apoptosis and inflammation via SIRT1 activation in experimental stroke rats","volume":"115","author":"Lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00857-2","article-title":"Microglial responses to brain injury and disease: functional diversity and new opportunities","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.147007","article-title":"Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion improves haemorrhagic stroke recovery in wistar rats","volume":"1746","author":"Marques","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6628","article-title":"Medicinal plants used in the treatment of Malaria: a key emphasis to artemisia, cinchona, cryptolepis, and tabebuia genera","volume":"34","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-263","article-title":"Review of the clinical pharmacokinetics of artesunate and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin following intravenous, intramuscular, oral or rectal administration","volume":"10","author":"Morris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malaria J."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110353","article-title":"Astragaloside IV improves neurobehavior and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in MCAO rats though BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway","volume":"130","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2017.01.006","article-title":"Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke","volume":"8","author":"Ojaghihaghighi","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1104","article-title":"Human-induced pluripotent stem cells form functional neurons and improve recovery after grafting in stroke-damaged brain","volume":"30","author":"Oki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9094","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000690117","article-title":"Activity in grafted human iPS cell-derived cortical neurons integrated in stroke-injured rat brain regulates motor behavior","volume":"117","author":"Palma-Tortosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10393","article-title":"Rat forebrain neurogenesis and striatal neuron replacement after focal stroke","volume":"52","author":"Parent","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42588","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.406413","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"287","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8741(99)00044-6","article-title":"Occurrence of resveratrol and pterostilbene in age-old darakchasava, an ayurvedic medicine from India","volume":"68","author":"Paul","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B66","first-page":"55","article-title":"Study on the identification of some species of Herba Epimedii with FTIR","volume":"28","author":"Pei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20091","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules191220091","article-title":"The chemistry of curcumin: from extraction to therapeutic agent","volume":"19","author":"Priyadarsini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2020.1792701","article-title":"Icariin sustains the proliferation and differentiation of A\u03b225\u201335-treated hippocampal neural stem cells via the BDNF-TrkB-ERK\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"42","author":"Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204839","article-title":"The multi-faceted effect of curcumin in glioblastoma from rescuing cell clearance to autophagy-independent effects","volume":"25","author":"Ryskalin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2017.08.002","article-title":"Resveratrol promotes human embryonic stem cells self-renewal by targeting SIRT1-ERK signaling pathway","volume":"96","author":"Safaeinejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-017-0580-0","article-title":"Getting closer to an effective intervention of ischemic stroke: the big promise of stem cell","volume":"9","author":"Sarmah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13431","article-title":"Resveratrol for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1403","author":"Sawda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5670","article-title":"Resveratrol pretreatment attenuates injury and promotes proliferation of neural stem cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation\/reoxygenation by upregulating the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.02.007","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B promotes neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells via PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"671","author":"Shu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1573-6","article-title":"Protective effects and mechanisms of salvianolic acid B against H2O2-induced injury in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells","volume":"40","author":"Shu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00767-8","article-title":"Neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of Ginkgo biloba extract against AD and other neurological disorders","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2014.56.1.1","article-title":"Curcumin stimulates proliferation of spinal cord neural progenitor cells via a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway","volume":"56","author":"Son","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20180303","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180303","article-title":"BMSCs promote the differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes via mediating Id2 and Olig expression through BMP\/Smad signaling pathway","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00421","article-title":"Astragaloside IV exerts cognitive benefits and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in stroke mice by downregulating interleukin-17 expression via Wnt pathway","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-019-0137-y","article-title":"Resveratrol enhances pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating AMPK\/Ulk1 pathway","volume":"5","author":"Suvorova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1021\/nn405077y","article-title":"Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles potently induce adult neurogenesis and reverse cognitive deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease model via canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"8","author":"Tiwari","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww347","article-title":"Synaptic inputs from stroke-injured brain to grafted human stem cell-derived neurons activated by sensory stimuli","volume":"140","author":"Tornero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B83","first-page":"754","article-title":"Effect of astragaloside IV on neurogenesis in adult hippocampus of rats after transient forebrain ischemia","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8424326","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8424326","article-title":"Astragaloside IV for experimental focal cerebral ischemia: preclinical evidence and possible mechanisms","volume":"2017","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0151-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of salvianolic acid B in microglia contributes to its neuroprotective effect","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14717","article-title":"Artesunate inhibits the mevalonate pathway and promotes glioma cell senescence","volume":"24","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.05.056","article-title":"Icariin improves cognitive deficits and activates quiescent neural stem cells in aging rats","volume":"142","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.11.035","article-title":"Icariin attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of inflammatory response mediated by NF-\u03baB, PPAR\u03b1, and PPAR\u03b3 in rats","volume":"30","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2013-0377","article-title":"Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation and neural phenotype differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.02.022","article-title":"Protective effect of Naoxintong against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice","volume":"182","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2019.1611794","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B combined with mesenchymal stem cells contributes to nucleus pulposus regeneration","volume":"61","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5377","article-title":"Icariin promotes cell proliferation and regulates gene expression in human neural stem cells in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X20500652","article-title":"Panax notoginseng for cerebral ischemia: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948319","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/948319","article-title":"Xuesaitong soft capsule (chinese patent medicine) for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"2013","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-6-9","article-title":"Chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of a panax notoginseng preparation using HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS","volume":"6","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-021-0832-y","article-title":"Resveratrol promotes the survival and neuronal differentiation of hypoxia-conditioned neuronal progenitor cells in rats with cerebral ischemia","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13247","article-title":"Cell therapy for central nervous system disorders: current obstacles to progress","volume":"26","author":"Yasuhara","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X690511","article-title":"Induction of neurorestoration from endogenous stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2013-0274","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 extracted from Panax notoginseng against cerebral ischemia","volume":"92","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8029","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103121","article-title":"Artesunate promotes the proliferation of neural stem\/progenitor cells and alleviates Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through PI3K\/Akt\/FOXO-3a\/p27(kip1) signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7172052","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7172052","article-title":"Analysis of clinical efficacy of traditional chinese medicine in recovery stage of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"B103","first-page":"515","article-title":"Study on mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1-induced human neural stem cells differentiation by genechip","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.10.003","article-title":"Baicalin and ginsenoside Rb1 promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease model rats","volume":"1678","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.232476","article-title":"Ginkgolide B promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells following cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury, both in vivo and in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.290899","article-title":"Neuroprotection by cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin beyond the time window of thrombolysis in ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270005282630","article-title":"Danshen: an overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00866-1","article-title":"Increased stroke risk in metabolically abnormal normal weight: a 10-year follow-up of 102,037 participants in China","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5782","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14503","article-title":"Ginkgolide B promotes osteoblast differentiation via activation of canonical Wnt signalling and alleviates osteoporosis through a bone anabolic way","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035636","article-title":"Direct stimulation of adult neural stem\/progenitor cells in vitro and neurogenesis in vivo by salvianolic acid B","volume":"7","author":"Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B111","first-page":"443","article-title":"Proliferation effect of neural stem cell of ginsenoside Rg1 in vitro","volume":"34","author":"Zhuang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9732-6","article-title":"Artesunate protected blood-brain barrier via sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1\/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats","volume":"54","author":"Zuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.628115\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T05:17:06Z","timestamp":1614316626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.628115\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2021.628115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.628115","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"article-number":"628115"}}