{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:52:11Z","timestamp":1789195931430,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3190843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3190843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1200474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1190833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1190833"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010549","name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valpara\u00edso, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3 plays an important role in the neuronal uptake of glutamate regulating the activation of glutamate receptors. Polymorphisms in the gene-encoding EAAT3 have been associated with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD), although the mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unknown. We recently reported that mice with increased EAAT3 expression in forebrain neurons (EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII) display behavioral and synaptic features relevant to OCD, including increased grooming, higher anxiety-like behavior and altered cortico-striatal synaptic function. The dopamine neurotransmitter system is implicated in ritualistic behaviors. Indeed, dopaminergic neurons express EAAT3, and mice lacking EAAT3 exhibit decreased dopamine release and decreased expression of the dopamine D1 receptor. Moreover, EAAT3 plays a role on the effect of the psychostimulant amphetamine. As such, we sought to determine if the OCD-like behavior in EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII mice is accompanied by altered nigro-striatal dopaminergic transmission. The aim of this study was to analyze dopamine transmission both in basal conditions and after an acute challenge of amphetamine, using behavioral, neurochemical, molecular, and cellular approaches. We found that in basal conditions, EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII mice performed more grooming events and that they remained in phase 1 of the grooming chain syntax compared with control littermates. Administration of amphetamine increased the number of grooming events in control mice, while EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII mice remain unaffected. Interestingly, the grooming syntax of amphetamine-control mice resembled that of EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII mice in basal conditions. Using <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> microdialysis, we found decreased basal dopamine levels in EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII compared with control mice. Unexpectedly, we found that after acute amphetamine, EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII mice had a higher release of dopamine compared with that of control mice, suggesting that EAAT3 overexpression leads to increased dopamine releasability. To determine postsynaptic effect of EAAT3 overexpression over dopamine transmission, we performed Western blot analysis of dopaminergic proteins and found that EAAT3<jats:sup><jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>lo<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>\/CMKII mice have higher expression of D2 receptors, suggesting a higher inhibition of the indirect striatal pathway. Together, the data indicate that EAAT3 overexpression impacts on dopamine transmission, making dopamine neurons more sensitive to the effect of amphetamine and leading to a disbalance between the direct and indirect striatal pathways that favors the performance of repetitive behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.661478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T05:44:18Z","timestamp":1624254258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Altered Grooming Syntax and Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in EAAT3 Overexpressing Mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica P.","family":"Escobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Silva-Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Sotomayor-Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo R.","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00879-2","article-title":"Dopamine transporter function fluctuates across sleep\/wake state: potential impact for addiction.","volume":"46","author":"Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0459-4","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive severity spectrum in the community: prevalence, comorbidity, and course.","volume":"254","author":"Angst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1609","article-title":"Neuronal glutathione deficiency and age-dependent neurodegeneration in the EAAC1 deficient mouse.","volume":"9","author":"Aoyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.7.769","article-title":"Glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1 associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"63","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0366-18.2019","article-title":"An adenosine A2A receptor antagonist improves multiple symptoms of repeated quinpirole-induced psychosis.","volume":"6","author":"Asaoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1906-17.2017","article-title":"Neuronal glutamate transporters control dopaminergic signaling and compulsive behaviors.","volume":"38","author":"Bellini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22162","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine prevents loss of dopaminergic neurons in the EAAC1 -\/- mouse.","volume":"69","author":"Berman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03337797","article-title":"Substantia nigra 6-OHDA lesions mimic striatopallidal disruption of syntactic grooming chains: a neural systems analysis of sequence control.","volume":"17","author":"Berridge","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychobiology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-3-4","article-title":"Sequential super-stereotypy of an instinctive fixed action pattern in hyper-dopaminergic mutant mice: a model of obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette\u2019s.","volume":"3","author":"Berridge","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000742","article-title":"Is obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder, and what, if any, are spectrum conditions? A family study perspective.","volume":"42","author":"Bienvenu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.08.046","article-title":"Dopamine uptake dynamics are preserved under isoflurane anesthesia.","volume":"606","author":"Brodnik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(86)90665-5","article-title":"Neurophysiological evidence that D-1 dopamine receptor blockade attenuates postsynaptic but not autoreceptor-mediated effects of dopamine agonists.","volume":"123","author":"Carlson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00479.x","article-title":"Tonic activation of NMDA receptors causes spontaneous burst discharge of rat midbrain dopamine neurons in vivo.","volume":"5","author":"Chergui","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb00757.x","article-title":"Non-synaptic localization of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 in cultured hippocampal neurons.","volume":"9","author":"Coco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/8.2.108","article-title":"EAAC1, a high-affinity glutamate tranporter, is localized to astrocytes and gabaergic neurons besides pyramidal cells in the rat cerebral cortex.","volume":"8","author":"Conti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00250.x","article-title":"Action sequencing is impaired in D 1A -deficient mutant mice.","volume":"10","author":"Cromwell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110389093","article-title":"Behavioral pattern analysis and dopamine release in quinpirole-induced repetitive behavior in rats.","volume":"25","author":"De Haas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0302-7","article-title":"Behavioral and synaptic alterations relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder in mice with increased EAAT3 expression.","volume":"44","author":"Delgado-Acevedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.01.023","article-title":"Low level of dopaminergic D2 receptor binding in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"55","author":"Denys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.12.001","article-title":"Neonatal programming with testosterone propionate reduces dopamine transporter expression in nucleus accumbens and methylphenidate-induced locomotor activity in adult female rats.","volume":"346","author":"Dib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.7.778","article-title":"Association testing of the positional and functional candidate gene SLC1A1\/EAAC1 in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"63","author":"Dickel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13209","article-title":"Reduced dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens of quinpirole-sensitized rats hints at inhibitory D2 autoreceptor function.","volume":"134","author":"Escobar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx042","article-title":"Mechanisms of kappa opioid receptor potentiation of dopamine D2 receptor function in quinpirole-induced locomotor sensitization in rats.","volume":"20","author":"Escobar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01362","article-title":"The neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT3 in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"10","author":"Escobar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4569785","article-title":"Programming of dopaminergic neurons by neonatal sex hormone exposure: effects on dopamine content and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in adult male rats.","volume":"2016","author":"Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00849.2013","article-title":"Localization and function of dopamine receptors in the subthalamic nucleus of normal and parkinsonian monkeys.","volume":"112","author":"Galvan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-017-0138-3","article-title":"Neurochemical and behavioral characterization of neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT3 heterozygous mice.","volume":"50","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060070017","article-title":"Prevalence, quality of life and psychosocial function in obsessive-compulsive disorder and subclinical obsessive-compulsive disorder in northern Germany.","volume":"250","author":"Grabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2013.845553","article-title":"Glutamate drugs and pharmacogenetics of OCD: a pathway-based exploratory approach.","volume":"8","author":"Grados","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13121","article-title":"Ovarian steroids alter dopamine receptor populations in the medial preoptic area of female rats: implications for sexual motivation, desire, and behaviour.","volume":"42","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.07.002","article-title":"Serotonin and dopamine transporter imaging in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"140","author":"Hesse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11988","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11988","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of the D1 dopamine receptor in rat brain reveals its axonal transport, pre- And postsynaptic localization, and prevalence in the basal ganglia, limbic system, and thalamic reticular nucleus.","volume":"89","author":"Huang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3237-11.2012","article-title":"Parasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling couples neuronal glutamate transporter function to AMPA receptor synaptic distribution and stability.","volume":"32","author":"Jarzylo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1329209","article-title":"Burst firing in dopamine neurons induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate: role of electrogenic sodium pump.","volume":"258","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.367","article-title":"Analyzing grooming microstructure in neurobehavioral experiments.","volume":"2","author":"Kalueff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2015.00017","article-title":"Suppression of NMDA receptor function in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid improves social deficits and repetitive behaviors.","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.09.014","article-title":"Agmatine rescues autistic behaviors in the valproic acid-induced animal model of autism.","volume":"113","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3908(02)00328-3","article-title":"Behavioral sensitization to quinpirole is not associated with increased nucleus accumbens dopamine overflow.","volume":"44","author":"Koeltzow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2017.12.007","article-title":"Dopamine transporter knockdown mice in the behavioral pattern monitor: a robust, reproducible model for mania-relevant behaviors.","volume":"178","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016787","article-title":"Dopamine acts on D2 receptors to increase potassium conductance in neurones of the rat substantia nigra zona compacta.","volume":"392","author":"Lacey","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.278","article-title":"Amphetamine and methamphetamine increase NMDAR-GluN2B synaptic currents in midbrain dopamine neurons.","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0088-7","article-title":"Burst activation of dopamine neurons produces prolonged post-burst availability of actively released dopamine.","volume":"43","author":"Lohani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301199","article-title":"Fluvoxamine treatment and D2 receptors: a pet study on OCD drug-na\u00efve patients.","volume":"32","author":"Moresco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112708","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of striatal indirect pathway neurons improves subthalamic nucleus dysfunction and reduces repetitive behaviors in C58 mice.","volume":"391","author":"Muehlmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"838","article-title":"SCH23390 effects on apomorphine-induced responses of nigral dopaminergic neurons.","volume":"236","author":"Napier","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"186","article-title":"Inhibition of dopamine synthesis by dopamine D2 and D3 but not D4 receptors.","volume":"277","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00210","article-title":"Glutamatergic synaptic currents of nigral dopaminergic neurons follow a postnatal developmental sequence.","volume":"9","author":"Pearlstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137185","article-title":"Unilateral lesion of dopamine neurons induces grooming asymmetry in the mouse.","volume":"10","author":"Pelosi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.5.976","article-title":"Kappa-opioid receptor stimulation quickens pathogenesis of compulsive checking in the quinpirole sensitization model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).","volume":"121","author":"Perreault","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0173(97)00021-0","article-title":"A circuitry model of the expression of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine-like psychostimulants.","volume":"25","author":"Pierce","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"II25","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007757","article-title":"Glutamate transport and metabolism in dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra: implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson& apos disease.","volume":"247","author":"Plaitakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.046","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: puzzles and prospects.","volume":"102","author":"Robbins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00301-X","article-title":"Chloral hydrate and ethanol, but not urethane, alter the clearance of exogenous dopamine recorded by chronoamperometry in striatum of unrestrained rats.","volume":"343","author":"Sabeti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/s0193-953x(05)70181-7","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"23","author":"Saxena","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1053\/scnp.2001.21833","article-title":"Brain-behavior relationships in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"6","author":"Saxena","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Clin. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14581","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4845-09.2009","article-title":"Neuronal transporters regulate glutamate clearance, NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.","volume":"29","author":"Scimemi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.14-01-00088.1994","article-title":"Ultrastructural localization of D2 receptor-like immunoreactivity in midbrain dopamine neurons and their striatal targets.","volume":"14","author":"Sesack","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-328x(01)00110-3","article-title":"Amphetamine administration does not alter protein levels of the GLT-1 and EAAC1 glutamate transporter subtypes in rat midbrain, nucleus accumbens, striatum, or prefrontal cortex.","volume":"90","author":"Sidiropoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814292116","article-title":"Basolateral amygdala input to the medial prefrontal cortex controls obsessive-compulsive disorder-like checking behavior.","volume":"116","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.04.019","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: insights from animal models.","volume":"76","author":"Szechtman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.112.6.1475","article-title":"Quinpirole induces compulsive checking behavior in rats: a potential animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).","volume":"112","author":"Szechtman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.02.030","article-title":"Indirect basal ganglia pathway mediation of repetitive behavior: attenuation by adenosine receptor agonists.","volume":"210","author":"Tanimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02939-6","article-title":"Amphetamine stimulates endocytosis of the norepinephrine and neuronal glutamate transporters in cultured locus coeruleus neurons.","volume":"45","author":"Underhill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0469-2","article-title":"Amphetamines signal through intracellular TAAR1 receptors coupled to G\u03b113 and G\u03b1S in discrete subcellular domains.","volume":"26","author":"Underhill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.043","article-title":"Amphetamine modulates excitatory neurotransmission through endocytosis of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in dopamine neurons.","volume":"83","author":"Underhill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/35041572","article-title":"Distinct functions of the two isoforms of dopamine D2 receptors.","volume":"408","author":"Usiello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.04.042","article-title":"Distribution of CaMKII\u03b1 expression in the brain in vivo, studied by CaMKII\u03b1-GFP mice.","volume":"1518","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.6","article-title":"A haplotype containing quantitative trait loci for SLC1A1 gene expression and its association with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"66","author":"Wendland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.12.016","article-title":"Association of the candidate gene SLC1A1 and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder in Han ChinesePopulation.","volume":"209","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5719","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701736114","article-title":"OCD candidate gene SLC1A1 \/EAAT3 impacts basal ganglia-mediated activity and stereotypic behavior.","volume":"114","author":"Zike","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.661478\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T05:44:23Z","timestamp":1624254263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.661478\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2021.661478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.661478","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"article-number":"661478"}}