{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:08:42Z","timestamp":1790885322469,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune system dysregulation is increasingly being attributed to the development of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases. This, in large part, is due to the delicate relationship that exists between neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and the resident immune cells that aid in homeostasis and immune surveillance within a tissue. Classically, the inner ear was thought to be immune privileged due to the presence of a blood-labyrinth barrier. However, it is now well-established that both vestibular and auditory end organs in the inner ear contain a resident (local) population of macrophages which are the phagocytic cells of the innate-immune system. Upon cochlear sterile injury or infection, there is robust activation of these resident macrophages and a predominant increase in the numbers of macrophages as well as other types of leukocytes. Despite this, the source, nature, fate, and functions of these immune cells during cochlear physiology and pathology remains unclear. Migration of local macrophages and infiltration of bone-marrow-derived peripheral blood macrophages into the damaged cochlea occur through various signaling cascades, mediated by the release of specific chemical signals from damaged sensory and non-sensory cells of the cochlea. One such signaling pathway is CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CL1-CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1, or fractalkine (FKN) signaling, a direct line of communication between macrophages and sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the cochlea. Despite the known importance of this neuron-immune axis in CNS function and pathology, until recently it was not clear whether this signaling axis played a role in macrophage chemotaxis and SGN survival following cochlear injury. In this review, we will explore the importance of innate immunity in neurodegenerative disease development, specifically focusing on the regulation of the CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CL1-CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1 axis, and present evidence for a role of FKN signaling in cochlear neuroprotection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.694292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T07:57:48Z","timestamp":1627891068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Innate Immunity to Spiral Ganglion Neuron Loss: A Neuroprotective Role of Fractalkine Signaling in Injured Cochlea"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrew Rigel","family":"Stothert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejbeer","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3050","article-title":"Protein aggregation diseases: pathogenicity and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Aguzzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.11.002","article-title":"The molecular basis of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"Almasieh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/nm950","article-title":"An animal model of age-related macular degeneration in senescent Ccl-2- or Ccr-2-deficient mice","volume":"9","author":"Ambati","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"366","author":"Antonetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00491","article-title":"Macrophage cytokines: involvement in immunity and infectious diseases","volume":"5","author":"Arango Duque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00023-X","article-title":"A new view of diabetic retinopathy: a neurodegenerative disease of the eye","volume":"27","author":"Barber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/385640a0","article-title":"A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif","volume":"385","author":"Bazan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.08.007","article-title":"Neuronal \u201con\u201d and \u201coff\u201d signals control microglia","volume":"30","author":"Biber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0200-1","article-title":"Absence of CX3CR1 impairs the internalization of Tau by microglia","volume":"12","author":"Bolos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22516","article-title":"Early microglia activation in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma","volume":"519","author":"Bosco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013121336","article-title":"Renal F4\/80+ CD11c+ mononuclear phagocytes display phenotypic and functional characteristics of macrophages in health and in adriamycin nephropathy","volume":"26","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1715","article-title":"Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor","volume":"9","author":"Cardona","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00365","article-title":"Role of the fractalkine receptor in CNS autoimmune inflammation: new approach utilizing a mouse model expressing the human CX3CR1(I249\/M280) variant","volume":"12","author":"Cardona","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759091415608204","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091415608204","article-title":"Disruption of fractalkine signaling leads to microglial activation and neuronal damage in the diabetic retina","volume":"7","author":"Cardona","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.07.020","article-title":"CX3CL1 protects neurons against excitotoxicity enhancing GLT-1 activity on astrocytes","volume":"263","author":"Catalano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-20.857","article-title":"Detection of CX3CR1 single nucleotide polymorphism and expression on archived eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.12.980","article-title":"Overview of the immune response","volume":"125","author":"Chaplin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RC87","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-15-j0004.2000","article-title":"Fractalkine cleavage from neuronal membranes represents an acute event in the inflammatory response to excitotoxic brain damage","volume":"20","author":"Chapman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32713","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.254268","article-title":"CX3CR1 protein signaling modulates microglial activation and protects against plaque-independent cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"286","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.09.012","article-title":"Microglial signalling mechanisms: cathepsin S and fractalkine","volume":"234","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22087","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22087","article-title":"Current concepts in cochlear ribbon synapse formation","volume":"73","author":"Coate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.001","article-title":"The evolution of adaptive immune systems","volume":"124","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.07.036","article-title":"The role of macrophages in optic nerve regeneration","volume":"158","author":"Cui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200104000-00009","article-title":"The process of epileptogenesis: a pathophysiological approach","volume":"14","author":"Dalby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2016","article-title":"Neuroimmune interactions: from the brain to the immune system and vice versa","volume":"98","author":"Dantzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03800.x","article-title":"Fractalkine reduces N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced calcium flux and apoptosis in human neurons through extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation","volume":"20","author":"Deiva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.05.010","article-title":"Differential fates of tissue macrophages in the cochlea during postnatal development","volume":"365","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90125-k","article-title":"Neuronal degeneration of primary cochlear and vestibular innervations after local injection of sisomicin in the guinea pig","volume":"68","author":"Dupont","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5284","article-title":"Microglial activation in the visual pathway in experimental glaucoma: spatiotemporal characterization and correlation with axonal injury","volume":"51","author":"Ebneter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devbrainres.2005.04.004","article-title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal programmed cell death during postnatal development of the gerbil cochlea","volume":"157","author":"Echteler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601520","article-title":"Efferocytosis signaling in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory responses","volume":"198","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.013","article-title":"Origin and functions of tissue macrophages","volume":"41","author":"Epelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23006","article-title":"Microglia-neuron communication in epilepsy","volume":"65","author":"Eyo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0209-16.2016","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0209-16.2016","article-title":"Regulation of physical microglia-neuron interactions by fractalkine signaling after status epilepticus","volume":"3","author":"Eyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5461.2274","article-title":"Rapid progression to AIDS in HIV+ individuals with a structural variant of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1","volume":"287","author":"Faure","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1412-9","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and fractalkine signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Finneran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-018-9822-5","article-title":"CNS-wide over expression of fractalkine improves cognitive functioning in a tauopathy model","volume":"14","author":"Finneran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x","article-title":"Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the international league against epilepsy (ILAE) and the international bureau for epilepsy (IBE)","volume":"46","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489009107417","article-title":"The role of macrophages in the disposal of degeneration products within the organ of corti after acoustic overstimulation","volume":"109","author":"Fredelius","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00068.2017","article-title":"Macrophages and cardiovascular health","volume":"98","author":"Frodermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.11.003","article-title":"Dynamic activation of basilar membrane macrophages in response to chronic sensory cell degeneration in aging mouse cochleae","volume":"344","author":"Frye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00287","article-title":"Inflammatory and immune responses in the cochlea: potential therapeutic targets for sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"5","author":"Fujioka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300040","article-title":"Regulation of adaptive immunity by the fractalkine receptor during autoimmune inflammation","volume":"191","author":"Garcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(03)00174-2","article-title":"Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties","volume":"19","author":"Geissmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04430.x","article-title":"Clinical application of neurotrophic factors: the potential for primary auditory neuron protection","volume":"22","author":"Gillespie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","article-title":"Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages","volume":"330","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15093","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1709-12.2012","article-title":"Hair cell replacement in adult mouse utricles after targeted ablation of hair cells with diphtheria toxin","volume":"32","author":"Golub","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors","volume":"518","author":"Gomez Perdiguero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1945-7","article-title":"Physiological roles of macrophages","volume":"469","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0392-4","article-title":"Tissue macrophages: heterogeneity and functions","volume":"15","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.004","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing of microglia throughout the mouse lifespan and in the injured brain reveals complex cell-state changes","volume":"50","author":"Hammond","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988309100105","article-title":"Immunology of the inner ear: response of the inner ear to antigen challenge","volume":"91","author":"Harris","year":"1983","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948409300211","article-title":"Immunology of the inner ear: evidence of local antibody production","volume":"93","author":"Harris","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10896","article-title":"Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia","volume":"95","author":"Harrison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69740-7","article-title":"Retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"368","author":"Hartong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.004","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes","volume":"38","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10053","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.15.10053","article-title":"Molecular uncoupling of fractalkine-mediated cell adhesion and signal transduction. Rapid flow arrest of CX3CR1-expressing cells is independent of G-protein activation","volume":"274","author":"Haskell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0723","article-title":"Macrophages in noise-exposed cochlea: changes, regulation and the potential role","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3705","article-title":"Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30225","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802638200","article-title":"Functional adhesiveness of the CX3CL1 chemokine requires its aggregation. Role of the transmembrane domain","volume":"283","author":"Hermand","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010092","article-title":"The phagocytic function of macrophage-enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Hirayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2010.10.011","article-title":"Comparative analysis of combination kanamycin-furosemide versus kanamycin alone in the mouse cochlea","volume":"272","author":"Hirose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20619","article-title":"Mononuclear phagocytes migrate into the murine cochlea after acoustic trauma","volume":"489","author":"Hirose","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-014-0458-8","article-title":"Systemic lipopolysaccharide induces cochlear inflammation and exacerbates the synergistic ototoxicity of kanamycin and furosemide","volume":"15","author":"Hirose","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120340","article-title":"Adult Langerhans cells derive predominantly from embryonic fetal liver monocytes with a minor contribution of yolk sac-derived macrophages","volume":"209","author":"Hoeffel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15106","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1167-12.2012","article-title":"Deficiency of the microglial receptor CX3CR1 impairs postnatal functional development of thalamocortical synapses in the barrel cortex","volume":"32","author":"Hoshiko","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1218","article-title":"Neural activity and the dynamics of central nervous system development","volume":"7","author":"Hua","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14466","article-title":"A guide to chemokines and their receptors","volume":"285","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-12-3775","article-title":"The disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10 is involved in constitutive cleavage of CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and regulates CX3CL1-mediated cell-cell adhesion","volume":"102","author":"Hundhausen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)80438-9","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion","volume":"91","author":"Imai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3832fje","article-title":"Frequency of blood CX3CR1-positive natural killer cells correlates with disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"19","author":"Infante-Duarte","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10251","article-title":"Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis","volume":"476","author":"Sawcer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0153-x","article-title":"Functional and structural damage of neurons by innate immune mechanisms during neurodegeneration","volume":"9","author":"Ising","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.10.5.3","article-title":"Fractalkine\/CX3CL1: a potential new target for inflammatory diseases","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Interv."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38095","article-title":"Role of ADAM-17, p38 MAPK, cathepsins and the proteasome pathway in the synthesis and shedding of fractalkine\/CX(3) CL1 in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02870.x","article-title":"CX3CL1 in allergic diseases: not just a chemotactic molecule","volume":"67","author":"Julia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.11.4106-4114.2000","article-title":"Analysis of fractalkine receptor CX(3)CR1 function by targeted deletion and green fluorescent protein reporter gene insertion","volume":"20","author":"Jung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1105633","article-title":"Chemokines, chemokine receptors and cancer metastasis","volume":"79","author":"Kakinuma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0004-16.2016","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0004-16.2016","article-title":"Microglial contact prevents excess depolarization and rescues neurons from excitotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Kato","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00620","article-title":"Lack of fractalkine receptor on macrophages impairs spontaneous recovery of ribbon synapses after moderate noise trauma in C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"13","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24369","article-title":"Genetic disruption of fractalkine signaling leads to enhanced loss of cochlear afferents following ototoxic or acoustic injury","volume":"526","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15050","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2325-15.2015","article-title":"Fractalkine signaling regulates macrophage recruitment into the cochlea and promotes the survival of spiral ganglion neurons after selective hair cell lesion","volume":"35","author":"Kaur","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323502","article-title":"Human fractalkine mediates leukocyte adhesion but not capture under physiological shear conditions; a mechanism for selective monocyte recruitment","volume":"33","author":"Kerfoot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01115","article-title":"Early development of resident macrophages in the mouse cochlea depends on yolk sac hematopoiesis","volume":"10","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03903.x","article-title":"Fractalkine functions as a chemoattractant for osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts and stimulates phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt","volume":"156","author":"Klosowska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20932","article-title":"Chemokines and their receptors in rheumatoid arthritis: future targets?","volume":"52","author":"Koch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14077","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2845-09.2009","article-title":"Adding insult to injury: cochlear nerve degeneration after \"temporary\" noise-induced hearing loss","volume":"29","author":"Kujawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20929","article-title":"Contribution of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells to adult mouse inner ear: mesenchymal cells and fibrocytes","volume":"496","author":"Lang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2016.174","article-title":"Contributions of mouse and human hematopoietic cells to remodeling of the adult auditory nerve after neuron loss","volume":"24","author":"Lang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.162697","article-title":"Fractalkine: multiple strategies to counteract glutamate receptors activation leading to neuroprotection","volume":"10","author":"Lauro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e5","article-title":"Tissue-specific Role of CX3CR1 expressing immune cells and their relationships with human disease","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12538","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0853-14.2014","article-title":"Opposing effects of membrane-anchored CX3CL1 on amyloid and tau pathologies via the p38 MAPK pathway","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4444","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3357","article-title":"Regulation of dynamic behavior of retinal microglia by CX3CR1 signaling","volume":"50","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(84)90023-6","article-title":"Single-neuron labeling and chronic cochlear pathology. I. Threshold shift and characteristic-frequency shift","volume":"16","author":"Liberman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2017.01.003","article-title":"Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired sensorineural hearing loss: Manifestations and mechanisms","volume":"349","author":"Liberman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.023","article-title":"Chemokine CX3CL1 protects rat hippocampal neurons against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity","volume":"166","author":"Limatola","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00223","article-title":"Macrophages in the human cochlea: saviors or predators-a study using super-resolution immunohistochemistry","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17091","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4403-10.2010","article-title":"CX3CR1 in microglia regulates brain amyloid deposition through selective protofibrillar amyloid-beta phagocytosis","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.08.039","article-title":"Immune activation in brain aging and neurodegeneration: too much or too little?","volume":"64","author":"Lucin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B102","first-page":"9592","article-title":"CX3CR1 polymorphisms and the risk of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2011.00022","article-title":"CX(3)CR1 deficiency alters hippocampal-dependent plasticity phenomena blunting the effects of enriched environment","volume":"5","author":"Maggi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.05.017","article-title":"Microglia-neuron crosstalk: signaling mechanism and control of synaptic transmission","volume":"94","author":"Marinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B105","first-page":"196","article-title":"Autoimmune inner ear disease: therapy","volume":"10","author":"McCabe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Otol."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16790","article-title":"Chemokine receptor mutant CX3CR1\u2013M280 has impaired adhesive function and correlates with protection from cardiovascular disease in humans","volume":"111","author":"McDermott","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01117","article-title":"Revising CX3CR1 expression on murine classical and non-classical monocytes","volume":"11","author":"Meghraoui-Kheddar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00303","article-title":"Fractalkine signaling attenuates perivascular clustering of microglia and fibrinogen leakage during systemic inflammation in mouse models of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"10","author":"Mendiola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00379","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors: new targets for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Mollica Poeta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14592","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0539-12.2012","article-title":"The soluble isoform of CX3CL1 is necessary for neuroprotection in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Morganti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00541-3","article-title":"Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis","volume":"18","author":"Mosser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.011","article-title":"Fractalkine overexpression suppresses tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"34","author":"Nash","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.175","article-title":"Fractalkine over expression suppresses alpha-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration","volume":"23","author":"Nash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135728","article-title":"Under pressure: cellular and molecular responses during glaucoma, a common neurodegeneration with axonopathy","volume":"35","author":"Nickells","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","article-title":"Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo","volume":"308","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00895","article-title":"Age-related changes in immune cells of the human cochlea","volume":"10","author":"Noble","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.169839","article-title":"Fractalkine attenuates excito-neurotoxicity via microglial clearance of damaged neurons and antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 expression","volume":"286","author":"Noda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-007-0106-7","article-title":"Sox2 and JAGGED1 expression in normal and drug-damaged adult mouse inner ear","volume":"9","author":"Oesterle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01244","article-title":"Csf1 signaling regulates maintenance of resident macrophages and bone formation in the mouse cochlea","volume":"10","author":"Okano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21625","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived cells expressing Iba1 are constitutively present as resident tissue macrophages in the mouse cochlea","volume":"86","author":"Okano","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0659-7","article-title":"Fractalkine shedding is mediated by p38 and the ADAM10 protease under pro-inflammatory conditions in human astrocytes","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12768","article-title":"Cellular therapy: immune-related complications","volume":"290","author":"Oved","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-9","article-title":"CX3CL1 reduces neurotoxicity and microglial activation in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Pabon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d701","DOI":"10.2741\/a314","article-title":"Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain","volume":"3","author":"Palmada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/42491","article-title":"Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation","volume":"387","author":"Pan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00129","article-title":"Fractalkine regulation of microglial physiology and consequences on the brain and behavior","volume":"8","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202529","article-title":"Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development","volume":"333","author":"Paolicelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8139","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5200-13.2014","article-title":"Suppression of microglial activation is neuroprotective in a mouse model of human retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"34","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2045","article-title":"Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"276","author":"Polymeropoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.09.010","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors: standing at the crossroads of immunobiology and neurobiology","volume":"31","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101157","article-title":"Find-me and eat-me signals in apoptotic cell clearance: progress and conundrums","volume":"207","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.09.004","article-title":"Beginnings of a good apoptotic meal: the find-me and eat-me signaling pathways","volume":"35","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5409","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316510111","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 attenuates disease in a chronic-relapsing rat model for multiple sclerosis","volume":"111","author":"Ridderstad Wollberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12354","article-title":"Fractalkine\/CX3CL1 modulates GABAA currents in human temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"54","author":"Roseti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21380","article-title":"Genomic investigation of alpha-synuclein multiplication and parkinsonism","volume":"63","author":"Ross","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2014.02.006","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors: update on utility and challenges for the clinician","volume":"155","author":"Roy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00148","article-title":"Role of atypical chemokine receptors in microglial activation and polarization","volume":"9","author":"Salvi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21583","article-title":"Repopulation of cochlear macrophages in murine hematopoietic progenitor cell chimeras: the role of CX3CR1","volume":"506","author":"Sato","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-009-0198-3","article-title":"Expression of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 on cochlear macrophages influences survival of hair cells following ototoxic injury","volume":"11","author":"Sato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a020545","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020545","article-title":"Microglia function in central nervous system development and plasticity","volume":"7","author":"Schafer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect Biol."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.695189","article-title":"Chemokine fractalkine mediates leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory endothelial cells in flowing whole blood: a critical role for P-selectin expressed on activated platelets","volume":"116","author":"Schulz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701748305","article-title":"Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: pathogenesis, induced rodent models and lesions","volume":"35","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.03.012","article-title":"The role of glutamate transporters in neurodegenerative diseases and potential opportunities for intervention","volume":"51","author":"Sheldon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130181","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.130181","article-title":"Neuron-glia crosstalk in health and disease: fractalkine and CX3CR1 take centre stage","volume":"3","author":"Sheridan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00233","article-title":"CX3CL1 is up-regulated in the rat hippocampus during memory-associated synaptic plasticity","volume":"8","author":"Sheridan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-010-1040-2","article-title":"Resident macrophages in the cochlear blood-labyrinth barrier and their renewal via migration of bone-marrow-derived cells","volume":"342","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8651","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0733-04.2004","article-title":"Survival of adult spiral ganglion neurons requires erbB receptor signaling in the inner ear","volume":"24","author":"Stankovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12922","article-title":"Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"154","author":"Stephenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.12.028","article-title":"The association of V249I and T280M fractalkine receptor haplotypes with disease course of multiple sclerosis","volume":"245","author":"Stojkovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8712-y","article-title":"Inhibition of the activation and recruitment of microglia-like cells protects against neomycin-induced ototoxicity","volume":"51","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-016-1436-5","article-title":"Characterisation of cochlear inflammation in mice following acute and chronic noise exposure","volume":"146","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.05.002","article-title":"Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"30","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1244","article-title":"Metchnikoff and the phagocytosis theory","volume":"4","author":"Tauber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140566","article-title":"Fractalkine signaling regulates the inflammatory response in an alpha-synuclein model of parkinson disease","volume":"10","author":"Thome","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7878","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2179-14.2015","article-title":"Selective deletion of cochlear hair cells causes rapid age-dependent changes in spiral ganglion and cochlear nucleus neurons","volume":"35","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1862fje","article-title":"The involvement of sequence variation and expression of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"18","author":"Tuo","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3358","article-title":"Layer V cortical neurons require microglial support for survival during postnatal development","volume":"16","author":"Ueno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000095360.62479.1F","article-title":"Fractalkine in vascular biology: from basic research to clinical disease","volume":"24","author":"Umehara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22715","article-title":"Fractalkine receptor regulates microglial neurotoxicity in an experimental mouse glaucoma model","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1901787116","article-title":"Soluble CX3CL1 gene therapy improves cone survival and function in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"116","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s101620020028","article-title":"Dynamics of noise-induced cellular injury and repair in the mouse cochlea","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.237412","article-title":"Fractalkine: a survivor\u2019s guide: chemokines as antiapoptotic mediators","volume":"32","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-014-0275-0","article-title":"The chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1: occurrence and potential role in osteoarthritis","volume":"62","author":"Wojdasiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz)"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00106","article-title":"The contribution of immune infiltrates to ototoxicity and cochlear hair cell loss","volume":"11","author":"Wood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13257","article-title":"Microglia\/macrophage diversities in central nervous system physiology and pathology","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.081","article-title":"Activation of the antigen presentation function of mononuclear phagocyte populations associated with the basilar membrane of the cochlea after acoustic overstimulation","volume":"303","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23016","article-title":"Microglial phagocytosis and activation underlying photoreceptor degeneration is regulated by CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"64","author":"Zabel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3641","article-title":"Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior","volume":"17","author":"Zhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10388","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205210109","article-title":"Perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes in the inner ear are essential for the integrity of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4678-11.2012","article-title":"Inner hair cells are not required for survival of spiral ganglion neurons in the adult cochlea","volume":"32","author":"Zilberstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-7613(00)80165-x","article-title":"Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity","volume":"12","author":"Zlotnik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2006-7-12-243","article-title":"The chemokine and chemokine receptor superfamilies and their molecular evolution","volume":"7","author":"Zlotnik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.694292\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T07:57:54Z","timestamp":1627891074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.694292\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"references-count":172,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2021.694292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2021.694292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"article-number":"694292"}}