{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:49:11Z","timestamp":1792518551993,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>An abnormal visual experience early in life, caused by strabismus, unequal refractive power of the eyes, or eye occlusion, is a major cause of amblyopia (lazy eye), a highly diffused neurodevelopmental disorder severely affecting visual acuity and stereopsis abilities. Current treatments for amblyopia, based on a penalization of the fellow eye, are only effective when applied during the juvenile critical period of primary visual cortex plasticity, resulting mostly ineffective at older ages. Here, we developed a new paradigm of operant visual perceptual learning performed under conditions of conventional (binocular) vision in adult amblyopic rats. We report that visual perceptual learning induced a marked and long-lasting recovery of visual acuity, visual depth perception abilities and binocular matching of orientation preference, and we provide a link between the last two parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.840708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T08:13:57Z","timestamp":1650960837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visual Perceptual Learning Induces Long-Lasting Recovery of Visual Acuity, Visual Depth Perception Abilities and Binocular Matching in Adult Amblyopic Rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Consorti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sansevero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Torelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2011.600420","article-title":"Can human amblyopia be treated in adulthood?","volume":"19","author":"Astle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.02.010","article-title":"Enriched experience and recovery from amblyopia in adult rats: impact of motor, social and sensory components.","volume":"62","author":"Baroncelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.01.036","article-title":"Visual depth perception in normal and deprived rats: Effects of environmental enrichment.","volume":"236","author":"Baroncelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/286073","article-title":"Brain Plasticity and Disease: A Matter of Inhibition.","volume":"2011","author":"Baroncelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3430","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1787-15.2016","article-title":"Experience affects critical period plasticity in the visual cortex through an epigenetic regulation of histone post-translational modifications.","volume":"36","author":"Baroncelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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