{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:47:09Z","timestamp":1787064429211,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although activation of microglial cells is critical in developing brain disorders, their role in anxiety-like behaviors in pain is still vague. This study indicates that alteration of microglia\u2019s neuronal spine engulfment capacity in ventral zona incerta (ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ) leads to significant pain and anxiety-like behaviors in mice 1-day post-injection of Complete Freud\u2019s Adjuvant (CFA1D). Performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in GABAergic neurons in the ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    (ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>GABA<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in brain slices, we observed decreased activity in ZIv\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>GABA<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and reduced frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>GABA<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    of CFA1D mice compared with the saline1D mice. Besides, chemogenetic activation of ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>GABA<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly relieved pain and anxiety-like behaviors in CFA1D mice. Conversely, in na\u00efve mice, chemogenetic inhibition of ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>GABA<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    induced pain and anxiety-like behaviors. Interestingly, we found changes in the density and morphology of ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>Microglia<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and increased microglial engulfment of spines in ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    of CFA1D mice. Furthermore, pain sensitization and anxiety-like behaviors were reversed when the ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>Microglia<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    of CFA1D-treated mice were chemically inhibited by intra-ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    minocycline injection, accompanied by the recovery of decreased ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>GABA<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    excitability. Conclusively, our results provide novel insights that dysregulation of microglial engulfment capacity encodes maladaptation of ZI\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>GABA<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    , thus promoting the development of anxiety-like behaviors in acute pain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.898346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T11:33:21Z","timestamp":1657884801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Microglial Engulfment of Spines in the Ventral Zona Incerta Regulates Anxiety-Like Behaviors in a Mouse Model of Acute Pain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Farzinpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14450-5","article-title":"Minocycline modulates microglia polarization in ischemia-reperfusion model of retinal degeneration and induces neuroprotection.","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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