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Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early brain functional changes induced by pharmacotherapy in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) in relation to drugs <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> or because of the impact of such drugs on the improvement of OCD remain unclear. Moreover, no neuroimaging biomarkers are available for diagnosis of OCD and prediction of early treatment response. We performed a longitudinal study involving 34 patients with OCD and 36 healthy controls (HCs). Patients with OCD received 5-week treatment with paroxetine (40 mg\/d). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), regional homogeneity (ReHo), support vector machine (SVM), and support vector regression (SVR) were applied to acquire and analyze the imaging data. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD had higher ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus and bilateral hippocampus\/parahippocampus\/fusiform gyrus\/cerebellum at baseline. ReHo values in the left hippocampus and parahippocampus decreased significantly after treatment. The reduction rate (RR) of ReHo values was positively correlated with the RRs of the scores of Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and obsession. Abnormal ReHo values at baseline could serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for OCD diagnosis and prediction of early therapeutic response. This study highlighted the important role of the hippocampal\u2013cortical system in the neuropsychological mechanism underlying OCD, pharmacological mechanism underlying OCD treatment, and the possibility of building models for diagnosis and prediction of early treatment response based on spontaneous activity in the hippocampal\u2013cortical system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.906534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T05:29:07Z","timestamp":1657862947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Abnormal spontaneous neural activity in hippocampal\u2013cortical system of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and its potential for diagnosis and prediction of early treatment response"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haohao","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867311320030014","article-title":"Antipsychotic drug effects in schizophrenia: a review of longitudinal FMRI investigations and neural interpretations.","volume":"20","author":"Abbott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. 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