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Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advances in the operational mode of the cerebellum indicate a role in sequencing and predicting non-social and social events, crucial for individuals to optimize high-order functions, such as Theory of Mind (ToM). ToM deficits have been described in patients with remitted bipolar disorders (BD). The literature on BD patients\u2019 pathophysiology reports cerebellar alterations; however, sequential abilities have never been investigated and no study has previously focused on prediction abilities, which are needed to properly interpret events and to adapt to changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To address this gap, we compared the performance of BD patients in the euthymic phase with healthy controls using two tests that require predictive processing: a ToM test that require implicit sequential processing and a test that explicitly assesses sequential abilities in non-ToM functions. Additionally, patterns of cerebellar gray matter (GM) alterations were compared between BD patients and controls using voxel-based morphometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impaired ToM and sequential skills were detected in BD patients, specifically when tasks required a greater predictive load. Behavioral performances might be consistent with patterns of GM reduction in cerebellar lobules Crus I-II, which are involved in advanced human functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results highlight the importance of deepening the cerebellar role in sequential and prediction abilities in patients with BD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1095157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1676442191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The role of the cerebellum in sequencing and predicting social and non-social events in patients with bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Libera","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Olivito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Urbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gragnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Saettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Delle Chiaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Leggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.08.008","article-title":"Consider the pons: bridging the gap on sensory prediction abnormalities in schizophrenia.","volume":"45","author":"Abram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-016-0815-8","article-title":"Consensus paper: cerebellum and emotion.","volume":"16","author":"Adamaszek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110034","article-title":"Cerebro-cerebellar white matter connectivity in bipolar disorder and associated polarity subphenotypes.","volume":"104","author":"Argyropoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. 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