{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:39:15Z","timestamp":1787063955555,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Targeted electric signal use for disease diagnostics and treatment is emerging as a healthcare game-changer. Besides arrhythmias, treatment-resistant epilepsy and chronic pain, blindness, and perhaps soon vision loss, could be among the pathologies that benefit from bioelectronic medicine. The electroretinogram (ERG) technique has long demonstrated its role in diagnosing eye diseases and early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Conspicuously, ERG applications are all based on light-induced responses. However, spontaneous, intrinsic activity also originates in retinal cells. It is a hallmark of degenerated retinas and its alterations accompany obesity and diabetes. To the extent that variables extracted from the resting activity of the retina measured by ERG allow the predictive diagnosis of risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Here, we provided a comparison of the baseline characteristics of intrinsic oscillatory activity recorded by ERGs in mice, rats, and humans, as well as in several rat strains, and explore whether zebrafish exhibit comparable activity. Their pattern was altered in neurodegenerative models including the cuprizone-induced demyelination model in mice as well as in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) rats. We also discuss how the study of their properties may pave the way for future research directions and treatment approaches for retinopathies, among others.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1224558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:01:48Z","timestamp":1704672108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Potential contributions of the intrinsic retinal oscillations recording using non-invasive electroretinogram to bioelectronics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cynthia Alejandra","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Arzate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rams\u00e9s","family":"Noguez-Imm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Reyes-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Roberto","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainald Pablo","family":"Ordaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidel","family":"V\u00e9lez-Uriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Cisneros-Mejorado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogelio O.","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia I.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Zimbr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"D\u00e9gardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Simonutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Picaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie C.","family":"Th\u00e9bault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00110","article-title":"Leveraging zebrafish to study retinal degenerations.","volume":"6","author":"Angueyra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.029","article-title":"An update on retinal prostheses.","volume":"131","author":"Ayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0242-1","article-title":"Understanding the retinal basis of vision across species.","volume":"21","author":"Baden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100062","article-title":"P2x7 receptors control demyelination and inflammation in the cuprizone model.","volume":"4","author":"Bernal-Chico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.571ba.x","article-title":"Electrical resonance and {Ca2}+ influx in the synaptic terminal of depolarizing bipolar cells from the {Goldfish} retina.","volume":"505","author":"Burrone","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28802-4","article-title":"Micro-, meso- and macro-dynamics of the brain","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research and perspectives in neurosciences"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.002","article-title":"Scaling brain size, keeping timing: Evolutionary preservation of brain rhythms.","volume":"80","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13329","article-title":"Induction of specific brain oscillations may restore neural circuits and be used for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"290","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144371","article-title":"Temporal and spatial expression of zebrafish mctp genes and evaluation of frameshift alleles of mctp2b.","volume":"738","author":"Espino-Salda\u00f1a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x17666191001145550","article-title":"modeling neuronal diseases in zebrafish in the Era of CRISPR.","volume":"18","author":"Espino-Salda\u00f1a","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00444","article-title":"Multiple independent oscillatory networks in the degenerating retina.","volume":"9","author":"Euler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6776","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.18-17-06776.1998","article-title":"Spontaneous activity of solitary dopaminergic cells of the retina.","volume":"18","author":"Feigenspan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384878-9.00006-6","article-title":"Animal models of retinal disease.","volume":"100","author":"Fletcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36591","article-title":"Screening for diabetic retinopathy using new mydriasis-free, full-field flicker ERG recording device.","volume":"6","author":"Fukuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00512","article-title":"Spontaneous oscillatory rhythms in the degenerating mouse retina modulate retinal ganglion cell responses to electrical stimulation.","volume":"9","author":"Goo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24791","article-title":"Neuroinflammatory component of gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis.","volume":"80","author":"Herranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278388","article-title":"Preventable risk factors for type 2 diabetes can be detected using noninvasive spontaneous electroretinogram signals.","volume":"18","author":"Imm","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12454","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis animal models: A clinical and histopathological perspective.","volume":"27","author":"Kipp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.928410","article-title":"The enigma of infra-slow fluctuations in the human EEG.","volume":"16","author":"Kropotov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1953.16.1.37","article-title":"Discharge patterns and functional organization of mammalian retina.","volume":"16","author":"Kuffler","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523803202042","article-title":"Spontaneous regenerative activity in mammalian retinal bipolar cells: Roles of multiple subtypes of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5994","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0130-07.2007","article-title":"Different mechanisms generate maintained activity in ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells.","volume":"27","author":"Margolis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102506","article-title":"Systemic taurine treatment affords functional and morphological neuroprotection of photoreceptors and restores retinal pigment epithelium function in RCS rats.","volume":"57","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Vacas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4238-10.2011","article-title":"Network oscillations in rod-degenerated mouse retinas.","volume":"31","author":"Menzler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.09.014","article-title":"Network variability limits stimulus-evoked spike timing precision in retinal ganglion cells.","volume":"52","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-020-09783-y","article-title":"Electroretinogram analysis of zebrafish retinal function across development.","volume":"142","author":"Nadolski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Documenta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"1","article-title":"EEG normal waveforms","author":"Nayak","year":"2020","journal-title":"StatPearls [Internet]"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1016\/s0042-6989(99)00042-5","article-title":"Synchronous oscillations in the cat retina.","volume":"39","author":"Neuenschwander","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data.","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6063","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.23-14-06063.2003","article-title":"Light-evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to ON and OFF \u03b1 ganglion cells in the mouse retina.","volume":"23","author":"Pang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00279.2005","article-title":"Spontaneous oscillatory activity of starburst amacrine cells in the mouse retina.","volume":"94","author":"Petit-Jacques","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000214","article-title":"Remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination is accelerated in juvenile mice.","volume":"74","author":"Pfeifenbring","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-017-9621-y","article-title":"ISCEV guide to visual electrodiagnostic procedures.","volume":"136","author":"Robson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Documenta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.05.015","article-title":"Presynaptic inhibition modulates spillover, creating distinct dynamic response ranges of sensory output.","volume":"50","author":"Sagdullaev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05195-4","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: Looking beyond the eyes.","volume":"63","author":"Sim\u00f3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.021899","article-title":"Membrane properties of an unusual intrinsically oscillating, wide-field teleost retinal amacrine cell.","volume":"544","author":"Solessio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1966.29.2.139","article-title":"Oscillatory activity in the optic tract of cat and light adaptation.","volume":"29","author":"Steinberg","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030633","article-title":"Neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and regeneration in the zebrafish retina.","volume":"10","author":"Stella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B39","article-title":"Myriad roles for gap junctions in retinal circuits","author":"Trenholm","year":"1995","journal-title":"Webvision: {The} {Organization} of the {Retina} and {Visual} {System}"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00277","article-title":"Origins of spontaneous activity in the degenerating retina.","volume":"9","author":"Trenholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.815923","article-title":"M\u00fcller glia in retinal development: From specification to circuit integration.","volume":"15","author":"Tworig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00092.2003","article-title":"Ionic mechanisms mediating oscillatory membrane potentials in wide-field retinal amacrine cells.","volume":"90","author":"Vigh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B43","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Electroretinogram: ERG by Ido Perlman \u2013 Webvision (n.d.)."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00008","article-title":"Network deficiency exacerbates impairment in a mouse model of retinal degeneration.","volume":"6","author":"Yee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523898151064","article-title":"Calcium action potentials in retinal bipolar neurons.","volume":"15","author":"Zenisek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2023.1224558\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T05:28:25Z","timestamp":1704864505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2023.1224558\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2023.1224558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2023.1224558","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"article-number":"1224558"}}