{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:16:05Z","timestamp":1791573365136,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was to explore whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) treatment could mediate inflammation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis of neuronal cells and microglia activation through the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway in the early stage of ischemic stroke. TEAS treatment at Baihui (GV20) and Hegu (LI4) acupoints of the affected limb was administered at 24, 48, and 72 h following middle cerebral artery occlusion\/reperfusion (MCAO\/R), with lasting for 30 min each time. Neurological impairment scores were assessed 2 h and 72 h after ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R). TTC staining was used to evaluate the volume of brain infarction. The histopathologic changes of hippocampus were detected by H&amp;amp;E staining. WB analysis was performed to assess the levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-\u03baB p65\/NF-\u03baB p65, and inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis-related proteins. TLR4 expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. The expression of inflammation-related proteins was also measured using ELISA. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression level of Iba1. Our findings demonstrated that TEAS intervention after I\/R improved neurological function, reduced the volume of brain infarction, and mitigated pathological damage. Moreover, TEAS reduced the levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-\u03baB p65\/NF-\u03baB p65, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, Bax, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1\/pro caspase-1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-18, GSDMD, and Iba1 while enhancing Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, the protective effects of TEAS could be counteracted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist). In conclusion, TEAS can reduce cerebral damage and suppress inflammation, cell death, and microglia activation after ischemic stroke via inhibiting the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1343842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T04:18:33Z","timestamp":1704946713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation alleviates cerebral ischemic injury through the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03ba B pathway"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Linyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148428","article-title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Anti-TLR4-Antibody MTS510 in experimental stroke and significance of different routes of application.","volume":"11","author":"Andresen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085536","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling pathways.","volume":"300","author":"Barton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090552","article-title":"Genetic analysis of host resistance: Toll-like receptor signaling and immunity at large.","volume":"24","author":"Beutler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. 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