{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:31:21Z","timestamp":1792297881138,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":367,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder associated with severe cognitive dysfunction. Although research has mainly focused on forebrain abnormalities, emerging results support the involvement of the cerebellum in SZ physiopathology, particularly in Cognitive Impairment Associated with SZ (CIAS). Besides its role in motor learning and control, the cerebellum is implicated in cognition and emotion. Recent research suggests that structural and functional changes in the cerebellum are linked to deficits in various cognitive domains including attention, working memory, and decision-making. Moreover, cerebellar dysfunction is related to altered cerebellar circuit activities and connectivity with brain regions associated with cognitive processing. This review delves into the role of the cerebellum in CIAS. We initially consider the major forebrain alterations in CIAS, addressing impairments in neurotransmitter systems, synaptic plasticity, and connectivity. We then focus on recent findings showing that several mechanisms are also altered in the cerebellum and that cerebellar communication with the forebrain is impaired. This evidence implicates the cerebellum as a key component of circuits underpinning CIAS physiopathology. Further studies addressing cerebellar involvement in SZ and CIAS are warranted and might open new perspectives toward understanding the physiopathology and effective treatment of these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1386583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:46:18Z","timestamp":1715301978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["New clues for the role of cerebellum in schizophrenia and the associated cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Pawan","family":"Faris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Pischedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvia","family":"Palesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egidio","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168518","article-title":"Cellular models in schizophrenia research","volume":"22","author":"Abashkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.07.024","article-title":"Computational modeling of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigms indicates a consistent loss of pyramidal cell synaptic gain in schizophrenia","volume":"91","author":"Adams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24723","article-title":"Functional network connectivity impairments and core cognitive deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"40","author":"Adhikari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102485","article-title":"Patient, interrupted: MEG oscillation dynamics reveal temporal dysconnectivity in schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Alamian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.171","article-title":"Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database","volume":"40","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0316-0321.2022","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0316-21.2022","article-title":"Linking brain structure, activity, and cognitive function through computation","volume":"9","author":"Amunts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eneuro"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9985","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9985","article-title":"Schizophrenia and cognitive dysmetria: a positron-emission tomography study of dysfunctional prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry","volume":"93","author":"Andreasen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033321","article-title":"\"Cognitive dysmetria\" as an integrative theory of schizophrenia: a dysfunction in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry?","volume":"24","author":"Andreasen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.003","article-title":"The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Andreasen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx171","article-title":"Alterations of intrinsic connectivity networks in antipsychotic-Na\u00efve first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"44","author":"Anh\u00f8j","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6262","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06262","article-title":"A novel inhibitory nucleo-cortical circuit controls cerebellar Golgi cell activity","volume":"4","author":"Ankri","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu100","article-title":"Mediodorsal and visual thalamic connectivity differ in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with and without psychosis history","volume":"40","author":"Anticevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.05.004","article-title":"A systematic review on the acceptability and tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation treatment in neuropsychiatry trials","volume":"9","author":"Apar\u00edcio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-019-01068-8","article-title":"The cerebellar cognitive affective\/Schmahmann syndrome: a task force paper","volume":"19","author":"Argyropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0059-z","article-title":"Cortico-thalamic hypo- and hyperconnectivity extend consistently to basal ganglia in schizophrenia","volume":"43","author":"Avram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2015.01.007","article-title":"Blonanserin extensively occupies rat dopamine D3 receptors at antipsychotic dose range","volume":"127","author":"Baba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-022-00330-z","article-title":"Gray matter volume drives the brain age gap in schizophrenia: a SHAP study","volume":"9","author":"Ballester","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophrenia"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.06.031","article-title":"Aberrant cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity and minimal self-disturbance in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and with first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"202","author":"Bang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu076","article-title":"Cerebellar-thalamic connectivity in schizophrenia","volume":"40","author":"Barch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.10.005","article-title":"Intermittent theta burst stimulation of cerebellar vermis enhances fronto-cerebellar resting state functional connectivity in schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"238","author":"Basavaraju","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023.2002.2022.23286149","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-023-01645-y","article-title":"The cerebellum and cognitive function: anatomical evidence from a Transdiagnostic sample","author":"B\u00e8gue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-94","article-title":"Investigation of G72 (DAOA) expression in the human brain","volume":"8","author":"Benzel","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz060","article-title":"Synapse pathology in schizophrenia: a Meta-analysis of postsynaptic elements in postmortem brain studies","volume":"46","author":"Berdenis van Berlekom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614542463","article-title":"Dysfunctional activation of the cerebellum in schizophrenia: a functional neuroimaging Meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14126","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904284106","article-title":"Presynaptic NR2A-containing NMDA receptors implement a high-pass filter synaptic plasticity rule","volume":"106","author":"Bidoret","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2019.00051","article-title":"A new projection from the Deep cerebellar nuclei to the Hippocampus via the ventrolateral and Laterodorsal thalamus in mice","volume":"13","author":"Bohne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.02.005","article-title":"Neurocognition in schizophrenia: a 20-year multi\u2013follow-up of the course of processing speed and stored knowledge","volume":"51","author":"Bonner-Jackson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.03.004","article-title":"Burst-dependent bidirectional plasticity in the cerebellum is driven by presynaptic NMDA receptors","volume":"15","author":"Bouvier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18040429","article-title":"Cerebellar-prefrontal network connectivity and negative symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"176","author":"Brady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00047","article-title":"The role of dopamine in schizophrenia from a neurobiological and evolutionary perspective: old fashioned, but still in vogue","volume":"5","author":"Brisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.07.010","article-title":"Schizophrenia-like GABAergic gene expression deficits in cerebellar Golgi cells from rats chronically exposed to low-dose phencyclidine","volume":"55","author":"Bullock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07121845","article-title":"Altered expression of genes involved in GABAergic transmission and neuromodulation of granule cell activity in the cerebellum of schizophrenia patients","volume":"165","author":"Bullock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.02.026","article-title":"Factor structure of the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) in schizophrenia","volume":"146","author":"Burton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.023","article-title":"Progressive reduction in cortical thickness as psychosis develops: a multisite longitudinal neuroimaging study of youth at elevated clinical risk","volume":"77","author":"Cannon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007037","article-title":"Early and late neurodevelopmental influences in the prodrome to schizophrenia: contributions of genes, environment, and their interactions","volume":"29","author":"Cannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76912","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76912","article-title":"Dopaminergic regulation of vestibulo-cerebellar circuits through unipolar brush cells","volume":"11","author":"Canton-Josh","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.05.020","article-title":"A selective review of structural connectivity abnormalities of schizophrenic patients at different stages of the disease","volume":"161","author":"Canu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19050480","article-title":"Cerebellar dysfunction and schizophrenia: from \"cognitive Dysmetria\" to a potential therapeutic target","volume":"176","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1963.tb01730.x","article-title":"Effect of chlorpromazine or haloperidol on formation of 3METHOXYTYRAMINE and NORMETANEPHRINE in mouse BRAIN","volume":"20","author":"Carlsson","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.05.011","article-title":"The muscarinic system, cognition and schizophrenia","volume":"55","author":"Carruthers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaav0581","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav0581","article-title":"Cerebellar modulation of the reward circuitry and social behavior","volume":"363","author":"Carta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00331","article-title":"Prominent changes in Cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity during continuous cognitive processing","volume":"12","author":"Castellazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00223","article-title":"A comprehensive assessment of resting state networks: bidirectional modification of functional integrity in cerebro-cerebellar networks in dementia","volume":"8","author":"Castellazzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.007","article-title":"The effect of polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia on morphological brain measures: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"310","author":"Cattarinussi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.10.013","article-title":"A quantitative review of the postmortem evidence for decreased cortical N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor expression levels in schizophrenia: how can we link molecular abnormalities to mismatch negativity deficits?","volume":"116","author":"Catts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby058","article-title":"Global epidemiology and burden of schizophrenia: findings from the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"44","author":"Charlson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01193-9","article-title":"Efficacy of intensive cerebellar intermittent Theta burst stimulation (iCiTBS) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Chauhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.01.006","article-title":"Memory and learning seems to be related to cholinergic dysfunction in the JE rat model","volume":"156","author":"Chauhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00025","article-title":"Altered Hippocampo-Cerebello-cortical circuit in schizophrenia by a spatiotemporal consistency and causal connectivity analysis","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688727","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.688727","article-title":"Research Progress on the correlation between epigenetics and schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.05.029","article-title":"Resting-state fMRI mapping of cerebellar functional dysconnections involving multiple large-scale networks in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"149","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39367-z","article-title":"Association between Thalamocortical functional connectivity abnormalities and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14198","article-title":"Cerebellar \u03b1(6) -subunit-containing GABA(a) receptors: a novel therapeutic target for disrupted prepulse inhibition in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"175","author":"Chiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.041","article-title":"Altered intrinsic cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity is related to negative symptoms in patients with first-episode psychosis","volume":"252","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2023.1185752","article-title":"Variations on the theme: focus on cerebellum and emotional processing","volume":"17","author":"Ciapponi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301559","article-title":"Synaptic plasticity: multiple forms, functions, and mechanisms","volume":"33","author":"Citri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2011.00073","article-title":"Impaired cerebellar functional connectivity in schizophrenia patients and their healthy siblings","volume":"2","author":"Collin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01897-w","article-title":"Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA schizophrenia consortium","volume":"28","author":"Constantinides","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/147342202753203087","article-title":"Cerebellar granule cells as a model to study mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis or survival in vivo and in vitro","volume":"1","author":"Contestabile","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21056","article-title":"The future of psychopharmacology: a critical appraisal of ongoing phase 2\/3 trials, and of some current trends aiming to de-risk trial programmes of novel agents","volume":"22","author":"Correll","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20994","article-title":"Mortality in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors","volume":"21","author":"Correll","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.8.2.223","article-title":"Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs","volume":"8","author":"Creese","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00918-5","article-title":"Decreased muscarinic receptor binding in subjects with schizophrenia: a study of the human hippocampal formation","volume":"48","author":"Crook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.143","article-title":"Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in adverse environments: examining the effect of poverty and violence in six Latin American cities","volume":"218","author":"Crossley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.10.035","article-title":"Motor abnormalities and cognitive impairment in first-episode psychosis patients, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls","volume":"200","author":"Cuesta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01092-8","article-title":"Cerebellar dopamine D2 receptors regulate social behaviors","volume":"25","author":"Cutando","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"85","article-title":"Chapter 6 \u2013 physiology of the cerebellum","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2571","article-title":"The cerebellum gets social","volume":"363","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2012.00116","article-title":"Seeking a unified framework for cerebellar function and dysfunction: from circuit operations to cognition","volume":"6","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.09.007","article-title":"Timing and plasticity in the cerebellum: focus on the granular layer","volume":"32","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.06.007","article-title":"The quest for multiscale brain modeling","volume":"45","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0711-7","article-title":"Distributed circuit plasticity: new clues for the cerebellar mechanisms of learning","volume":"15","author":"D'Angelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/346467a0","article-title":"Dual-component NMDA receptor currents at a single central synapse","volume":"346","author":"D'Angelo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1203","article-title":"Reduced cerebellar inhibition in schizophrenia: a preliminary study","volume":"162","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab025","article-title":"Changes in default-mode network associated with childhood trauma in schizophrenia","volume":"47","author":"Dauvermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04362-x","article-title":"Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function","volume":"9","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.017","article-title":"A review of vulnerability and risks for schizophrenia: beyond the two hit hypothesis","volume":"65","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.11.1474","article-title":"Dopamine in schizophrenia: a review and reconceptualization","volume":"148","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065945","article-title":"Canonical and non-canonical antipsychotics&rsquo; dopamine-related mechanisms of present and next generation molecules: a systematic review on translational highlights for treatment response and treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"de Bartolomeis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.289","article-title":"Glutamate levels in the associative striatum before and after 4 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"70","author":"de la Fuente-Sandoval","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903280304","article-title":"Cholinergic innervation of the human cerebellum","volume":"328","author":"de Lacalle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04213-y","article-title":"Model simulations unveil the structure-function-dynamics relationship of the cerebellar cortical microcircuit","volume":"5","author":"De Schepper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.917.142","article-title":"Understanding the pathology of schizophrenia: recent advances from the study of the molecular architecture of postmortem CNS tissue","volume":"78","author":"Dean","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"ref9002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63356-9.00007-8","article-title":"Decorrelation learning in the cerebellum: computational analysis and experimental questions","volume":"210","author":"Dean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Brain. Res."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152248","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1152248","article-title":"Neural substrates of cognitive impairment in a NMDAR hypofunction mouse model of schizophrenia and partial rescue by risperidone","volume":"17","author":"Delgado-Sallent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-30410-6_15","article-title":"An overview and current perspective on family studies of schizophrenia","volume-title":"Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology: Schizophrenia","author":"DeLisi","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.11.017","article-title":"Redefining schizophrenia through genetics: a commentary on 50 years searching for biological causes","volume":"242","author":"DeLisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39750","article-title":"Anti-GAPDH autoantibodies as a pathogenic determinant and potential biomarker of neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"68","author":"Delunardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.08.015","article-title":"Safety and proof of principle study of cerebellar vermal theta burst stimulation in refractory schizophrenia","volume":"124","author":"Demirtas-Tatlidede","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4715-5","article-title":"The effects of buspirone on occupancy of dopamine receptors and the rat gambling task","volume":"234","author":"Di Ciano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220676","article-title":"The nature of prefrontal cortical GABA neuron alterations in schizophrenia: markedly lower somatostatin and Parvalbumin gene expression without missing neurons","volume":"180","author":"Dienel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-05-01837.2000","article-title":"Serotonin-driven long-range inhibitory connections in the cerebellar cortex","volume":"20","author":"Dieudonn\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01678-z","article-title":"Genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with altered visually-induced gamma band activity: evidence from a population sample stratified polygenic risk","volume":"11","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.11.009","article-title":"Cerebellar structural and functional abnormalities in first-episode and drug-naive patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"283","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.007","article-title":"Cerebellar gray matter and lobular volumes correlate with core autism symptoms","volume":"7","author":"D'Mello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e392","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.41","article-title":"Schizophrenia-risk variant rs6994992 in the neuregulin-1 gene on brain developmental trajectories in typically developing children","volume":"4","author":"Douet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00480-0","article-title":"Evidence for expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-2B receptor protein in the rat central nervous system","volume":"76","author":"Duxon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.1106","article-title":"Expression of serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors in the human cerebellum and alterations in schizophrenia","volume":"42","author":"Eastwood","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.06.016","article-title":"Evaluating the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia in a large-scale genome-wide association study","volume":"176","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.03.013","article-title":"A serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"80","author":"Eggers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/508S2a","article-title":"Aetiology: searching for schizophrenia's roots","volume":"508","author":"Elert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02910-2","article-title":"Common risk alleles for schizophrenia within the major histocompatibility complex predict white matter microstructure","volume":"14","author":"Emily Simmonds","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz017","article-title":"Modulation of cerebellar activity in schizophrenia: is it the time for clinical trials?","volume":"45","author":"Escelsior","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000381","article-title":"Functional brain networks develop from a \"local to distributed\" organization","volume":"5","author":"Fair","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn187","article-title":"The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, revisited","volume":"35","author":"Fatemi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.10.010","article-title":"GABA receptor subunit distribution and FMRP-mGluR5 signaling abnormalities in the cerebellum of subjects with schizophrenia, mood disorders, and autism","volume":"167","author":"Fatemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e271","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.46","article-title":"mRNA and protein expression for novel GABAA receptors \u03b8 and \u03c12 are altered in schizophrenia and mood disorders; relevance to FMRP-mGluR5 signaling pathway","volume":"3","author":"Fatemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.02.017","article-title":"GABAergic dysfunction in schizophrenia and mood disorders as reflected by decreased levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 kDa and Reelin proteins in cerebellum","volume":"72","author":"Fatemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.06.034","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cognitive performance in drug-na\u00efve patients with schizophrenia","volume":"158","author":"Fatouros-Bergman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024192","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.1024192","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity of cerebellar networks in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119611","article-title":"Associations between brain imaging and polygenic scores of mental health and educational attainment in children aged 9-11","volume":"263","author":"Fernandez-Cabello","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3993","article-title":"Long-term changes in cognitive functioning in individuals with psychotic disorders: findings from the Suffolk County mental health project","volume":"77","author":"Fett","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650614","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.650614","article-title":"The cerebellar dopaminergic system","volume":"15","author":"Flace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00492.2018","article-title":"Serotonin regulates dynamics of cerebellar granule cell activity by modulating tonic inhibition","volume":"121","author":"Fleming","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy093","article-title":"Frontal transcranial direct current stimulation induces dopamine release in the ventral striatum in human","volume":"28","author":"Fonteneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113201","article-title":"Targeting muscarinic receptors to treat schizophrenia","volume":"405","author":"Foster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu017","article-title":"A systems neuroscience perspective of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"40","author":"Frangou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15245.x","article-title":"Effects of memantine and MK-801 on NMDA-induced currents in cultured neurones and on synaptic transmission and LTP in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices","volume":"117","author":"Frankiewicz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.07.014","article-title":"The dysconnection hypothesis","volume":"176","author":"Friston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161608","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1161608","article-title":"Beyond the \u03b3-aminobutyric acid hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"17","author":"Fujihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58613","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58613","article-title":"Modular output circuits of the fastigial nucleus for diverse motor and nonmotor functions of the cerebellar vermis","volume":"9","author":"Fujita","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023.2007.2018.549459","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.07.18.549459","article-title":"Dopamine-dependent cerebellar dysfunction enhances beta oscillations and disrupts motor learning in a multiarea model","author":"Gambosi","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.008","article-title":"Excitatory cerebellar Nucleocortical circuit provides internal amplification during associative conditioning","volume":"89","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.03.020","article-title":"GluN2D subunit in parvalbumin interneurons regulates prefrontal cortex feed-forward inhibitory circuit and molecular networks relevant to schizophrenia","volume":"94","author":"Gawande","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00303","article-title":"Implicit timing as the missing link between neurobiological and self disorders in schizophrenia?","volume":"10","author":"Giersch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1793-y","article-title":"Targeting the dopamine D1 receptor in schizophrenia: insights for cognitive dysfunction","volume":"174","author":"Goldman-Rakic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs010","article-title":"NMDA receptor hypofunction, parvalbumin-positive neurons, and cortical gamma oscillations in schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Gonzalez-Burgos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0514-7","article-title":"Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation\u2014a consensus paper","volume":"13","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007635927069","article-title":"New neurochemical markers for psychosis: a working hypothesis of their operation","volume":"25","author":"Guidotti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.03.010","article-title":"Cerebellar abnormalities in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia at rest","volume":"276","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.10.018","article-title":"Schizophrenia genomics: convergence on synaptic development, adult synaptic plasticity, or both?","volume":"91","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590567","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.590567","article-title":"Impaired potentiation of Theta oscillations during a visual cortical plasticity paradigm in individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Hamilton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00454","article-title":"Aberrant cerebellar\u2013cerebral functional connectivity in children and adolescents with autism Spectrum disorder","volume":"12","author":"Hanaie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/87419","article-title":"Beyond parallel fiber LTD: the diversity of synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum","volume":"4","author":"Hansel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.05.017","article-title":"Dysfunctional long-term potentiation-like plasticity in schizophrenia revealed by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"224","author":"Hasan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24391","article-title":"Reduction in gray matter of cerebellum in schizophrenia and its influence on static and dynamic connectivity","volume":"40","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref137","first-page":"243","article-title":"The cerebellar pacemaker for intractable behavioral disorders and epilepsy: follow-up report","volume":"15","author":"Heath","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref138","first-page":"953","article-title":"Cerebellar pacemaker patients: an update","volume":"16","author":"Heath","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126508","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2023.1126508","article-title":"Cerebellar control of thalamocortical circuits for cognitive function: a review of pathways and a proposed mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Heck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722001830","article-title":"Meta-analysis of longitudinal neurocognitive performance in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis","volume":"52","author":"Hedges","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-019-01074-w","article-title":"Cerebellar modulation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission is functionally asymmetrical","volume":"18","author":"Holloway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01426-x","article-title":"Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: an overview of findings and their implications for synaptic changes","volume":"48","author":"Howes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169","article-title":"The nature of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia and what this means for treatment","volume":"69","author":"Howes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III\u2014The final common pathway","volume":"35","author":"Howes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28682","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity strength in distinct brain networks of children with early-onset schizophrenia","volume":"58","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069488","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1069488","article-title":"Cerebellar stimulation in schizophrenia: a systematic review of the evidence and an overview of the methods","volume":"13","author":"Hua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.003","article-title":"Metabolic brain networks associated with cognitive function in Parkinson's disease","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/364723a0","article-title":"Heightened synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 neurons during a cholinergically induced rhythmic state","volume":"364","author":"Huerta","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01321-8","article-title":"Genetic patterning for child psychopathology is distinct from that for adults and implicates fetal cerebellar development","volume":"26","author":"Hughes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.011","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid substance use in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in community and clinical settings, 1990-2017: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Hunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90413-8","article-title":"Single neurons in the ventral tegmental area that project to both the cerebral and cerebellar cortical areas by way of axon collaterals","volume":"61","author":"Ikai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2332","article-title":"Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum","volume":"9","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref153","first-page":"67","article-title":"Chapter 5 cholinergic innervation and receptors in the cerebellum","volume-title":"Progress in brain research","author":"Jaarsma","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10486-w","article-title":"Update cerebellum and cognition","volume":"268","author":"Jacobi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0197-y","article-title":"Developmental and genetic regulation of the human cortex transcriptome illuminate schizophrenia pathogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Jaffe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00031","article-title":"Expression of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO\/DAAO) and D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA\/G72) during development and aging in the human post-mortem brain","volume":"11","author":"Jagannath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-051921-093250","article-title":"Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia: from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"63","author":"Javitt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.12.005","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: glutamate dynamics in the anterior cingulate cortex during a working memory task","volume":"29","author":"Jelen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy306","article-title":"Schizophrenia exhibits bi-directional brain-wide alterations in Cortico-Striato-cerebellar circuits","volume":"29","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s5","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.119164","article-title":"Adult mental health disorders and their age at onset","volume":"54","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl."},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww327","article-title":"Structural cerebellar correlates of cognitive and motor dysfunctions in cerebellar degeneration","volume":"140","author":"Kansal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721410377601","article-title":"Structural and functional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia","volume":"19","author":"Karlsgodt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.005","article-title":"Meta-analysis of brain samples of individuals with schizophrenia detects down-regulation of multiple ATP synthase encoding genes in both females and males","volume":"158","author":"Katz Shroitman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0471-7","article-title":"Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain","volume":"22","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0071-9","article-title":"Dopamine, psychosis and schizophrenia: the widening gap between basic and clinical neuroscience","volume":"8","author":"Kesby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499002199","article-title":"Brain maturational processes and delayed onset in schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Keshavan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-022-01068-2","article-title":"Dysregulation of synaptic plasticity markers in schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Keshri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.11.034","article-title":"Structural brain correlates of cognitive function in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Khalil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00122-9","article-title":"Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Khandaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.07.010","article-title":"Alteration of DNA methylation and epigenetic scores associated with features of schizophrenia and common variant genetic risk","volume":"95","author":"Kiltschewskij","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-021-00169-w","article-title":"Impaired cerebro-cerebellar white matter connectivity and its associations with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr."},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01055","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1055","article-title":"Ultra-high-field pharmacological functional MRI of dopamine D1 receptor-related interventions in anesthetized rats","volume":"11","author":"Kimura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02512-4","article-title":"Early life stress, low-grade systemic inflammation and weaker suppression of the default mode network (DMN) during face processing in schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"King","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09070937","article-title":"Processing speed deficits in schizophrenia: reexamining the evidence","volume":"167","author":"Knowles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref175","first-page":"159","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a tool for human cerebellar plasticity","volume":"25","author":"Koch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0087-0","article-title":"Disrupted white matter integrity of corticopontine-cerebellar circuitry in schizophrenia","volume":"260","author":"Koch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2228","article-title":"Association of White Matter with Core Cognitive Deficits in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"74","author":"Kochunov","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-018-0201-4","article-title":"Metabolism of amino acid neurotransmitters: the synaptic disorder underlying inherited metabolic diseases","volume":"41","author":"K\u00f6lker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1582","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical dendritic spine pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"71","author":"Konopaske","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004","article-title":"Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses","volume":"51","author":"Krystal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00174","article-title":"Cognitive impact of cerebellar non-invasive stimulation in a patient with schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Laidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1784-16.2016","article-title":"Impact of altered cholinergic tones on the neurovascular coupling response to whisker stimulation","volume":"37","author":"Lecrux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113022","article-title":"Targeting \u03b16GABA(a) receptors as a novel therapy for schizophrenia: a proof-of-concept preclinical study using various animal models","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-022-00223-1","article-title":"A nation-wide twin study of social cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"8","author":"Lemvigh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophrenia (Heidelb)"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083480","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1083480","article-title":"Cerebellar gray matter volume changes in patients with schizophrenia: a voxel-based meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37319-w","article-title":"Purkinje cell dopaminergic inputs to astrocytes regulate cerebellar-dependent behavior","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160608084834","article-title":"Dopamine targeting drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia: past, present and future","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113586","article-title":"The resting-state cerebro-cerebellar function connectivity and associations with verbal working memory performance","volume":"417","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.04.051","article-title":"Comparison of cognitive dysfunction between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients: a meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"274","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60072-6","article-title":"Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a population-based study","volume":"373","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22784","article-title":"Changes in cerebellar functional connectivity and anatomical connectivity in schizophrenia: a combined resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664535","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.664535","article-title":"A selective review of the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in schizophrenia: underlying biology, genetics, microcircuits, and symptoms","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0836-7839","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of schizophrenia","volume":"87","author":"L\u00f6hrs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgab040","article-title":"Cerebellar activation deficits in schizophrenia during an Eyeblink conditioning task","volume":"2","author":"Lundin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin Open"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00254","article-title":"D-serine contributes to seizure development via ERK signaling","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac120","article-title":"Neural correlates of formal thought disorder dimensions in psychosis","volume":"49","author":"Maderthaner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e384","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008754","article-title":"Cognitive correlates of cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity in Parkinson disease","volume":"94","author":"Maiti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914483107","article-title":"Lower number of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in psychosis is associated with reduced reelin expression","volume":"107","author":"Maloku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2018.291.64","article-title":"Schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Mamakou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC46164.2021.9631085","article-title":"Brain age gap as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia: a multi-site structural MRI study","volume":"2021","author":"Man","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00420","article-title":"Schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorders: overview of clinical features, neurotransmitter alterations, pharmacological interventions, and impact of oxidative stress in the disease process","volume":"13","author":"Mandal","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10123185","article-title":"Long-term synaptic plasticity Tunes the gain of information channels through the cerebellum granular layer","volume":"10","author":"Mapelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00169","article-title":"Integrated plasticity at inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the cerebellar circuit","volume":"9","author":"Mapelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3894","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073894","article-title":"The cerebellar involvement in autism Spectrum disorders: from the social brain to mouse models","volume":"23","author":"Mapelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00055","article-title":"Integration and regulation of glomerular inhibition in the cerebellar granular layer circuit","volume":"8","author":"Mapelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01406-3","article-title":"A further support to the hypothesis of a link between serotonin, autism, and the cerebellum","volume":"52","author":"Marazziti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808803","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"381","author":"Marder","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580540","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.580540","article-title":"Reduced Interhemispheric Coherence in Cerebellar Kainic Acid-Induced Lateralized Dystonia","volume":"11","author":"Margarint","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0711-y","article-title":"GABA-A receptor differences in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomography study using [11C]Ro154513","volume":"26","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003057","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of in vivo microglial imaging studies","volume":"49","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.130242","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR2\/3 and mGluR5 binding in the anterior cingulate cortex in psychotic and nonpsychotic depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: implications for novel mGluR-based therapeutics","volume":"39","author":"Matosin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20119","article-title":"Increased expression of the astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics","volume":"49","author":"Matute","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref212","first-page":"419","article-title":"Purkinje cells pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric approach","volume":"58","author":"Mavroudis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Romanian J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv030","article-title":"Elevated excitatory input to the nucleus Accumbens in schizophrenia: a postmortem ultrastructural study","volume":"41","author":"McCollum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.12.004","article-title":"Schizophrenia, dopamine and the striatum: from biology to symptoms","volume":"42","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01949-9","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"28","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20693","article-title":"Dopamine and glutamate in schizophrenia: biology, symptoms and treatment","volume":"19","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3360","article-title":"Schizophrenia\u2014An overview","volume":"77","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9256-1-19","article-title":"Olanzapine induced DNA methylation changes support the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis","volume":"1","author":"Melka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01991-7","article-title":"Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Merritt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0380","article-title":"Association of age, antipsychotic medication, and symptom severity in schizophrenia with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy brain glutamate level: a mega-analysis of individual participant-level data","volume":"78","author":"Merritt","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-019-0080-1","article-title":"Remission from antipsychotic treatment in first episode psychosis related to longitudinal changes in brain glutamate","volume":"5","author":"Merritt","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr."},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3628","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy","volume":"11","author":"Millan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00099","article-title":"A working hypothesis for the role of the cerebellum in impulsivity and compulsivity","volume":"13","author":"Miquel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110402","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in persons with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Misiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20525","article-title":"Cerebellar modulation of frontal cortex dopamine efflux in mice: relevance to autism and schizophrenia","volume":"62","author":"Mittleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.01.019","article-title":"Cerebellar Gray matter volume is associated with cognitive function and psychopathology in adolescence","volume":"86","author":"Moberget","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.106","article-title":"Cerebellar volume and cerebellocerebral structural covariance in schizophrenia: a multisite mega-analysis of 983 patients and 1349 healthy controls","volume":"23","author":"Moberget","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.181","article-title":"From revolution to evolution: The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia and its implication for treatment","volume":"37","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4327","article-title":"Course of cognitive development from infancy to early adulthood in the psychosis Spectrum","volume":"75","author":"Mollon","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868342","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.868342","article-title":"Subject-specific features of excitation\/inhibition profiles in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Monteverdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023.2003.2010.532087","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1204134","article-title":"Virtual brain simulations reveal network-specific parameters in neurodegenerative dementias","volume":"15","author":"Monteverdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-014-0617-9","article-title":"What does low-intensity rTMS do to the cerebellum?","volume":"14","author":"Morellini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.07.014","article-title":"Targeting synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia: insights from genomic studies","volume":"27","author":"Mould","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.03.013","article-title":"Cerebellar structure and cognitive ability in psychosis","volume":"92","author":"Moussa-Tooks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003625","article-title":"Genomic convergence analysis of schizophrenia: mRNA sequencing reveals altered synaptic vesicular transport in post-mortem cerebellum","volume":"3","author":"Mudge","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1085","article-title":"A subunit-selective potentiator of NR2C- and NR2D-containing NMDA receptors","volume":"1","author":"Mullasseril","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby024","article-title":"Inflammation in schizophrenia: Pathogenetic aspects and therapeutic considerations","volume":"44","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01297-6","article-title":"Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies","volume":"27","author":"Nakahara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107426","article-title":"The origin of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia","volume":"205","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.017","article-title":"Calcium channels, synaptic plasticity, and neuropsychiatric disease","volume":"98","author":"Nanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00928-x","article-title":"Proteomic signatures of schizophrenia-sourced iPSC-derived neural cells and brain organoids are similar to patients' postmortem brains","volume":"12","author":"Nascimento","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2012.00024","article-title":"Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models","volume":"6","author":"Newman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05471-w","article-title":"Structured cerebellar connectivity supports resilient pattern separation","volume":"613","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00463-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness","volume":"18","author":"Nielsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00246","article-title":"Regulation of output spike patterns by phasic inhibition in cerebellar granule cells","volume":"8","author":"Nieus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.09.007","article-title":"Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Nuechterlein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.95.014","article-title":"Synaptic functions and their disruption in schizophrenia: from clinical evidence to synaptic optogenetics in an animal model","volume":"95","author":"Obi-Nagata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01560-0","article-title":"The D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor luvadaxistat improves mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia in a randomized trial","volume":"48","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119908","article-title":"Distribution of cholinergic nerve terminals in the aged human brain measured with [18F]FEOBV PET and its correlation with histological data","volume":"269","author":"Okkels","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000079101","article-title":"Subtle disruption of the middle cerebellar peduncles in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"50","author":"Okugawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115767","article-title":"Mechanisms underpinning Carpolobia lutea G. Don ethanol extract's neurorestorative and antipsychotic-like activities in an NMDA receptor antagonist model of schizophrenia","volume":"301","author":"Omeiza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2018.12.002","article-title":"Subchronic ketamine alters behaviour, metabolic indices and brain morphology in adolescent rats: involvement of oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis","volume":"96","author":"Onaolapo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01515-3","article-title":"The relationship between synaptic density marker SV2A, glutamate and N-acetyl aspartate levels in healthy volunteers and schizophrenia: a multimodal PET and magnetic resonance spectroscopy brain imaging study","volume":"11","author":"Onwordi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-014-0565-4","article-title":"Distinct temporal expression of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors on cerebellar granule cells in mice","volume":"13","author":"Oostland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.05.029","article-title":"The role of serotonin in cerebellar development","volume":"248","author":"Oostland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175040","article-title":"Schizophrenia: a narrative review of Etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and treatment aspects","volume":"11","author":"Orsolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810624","article-title":"New atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and depression","volume":"23","author":"Orzelska-G\u00f3rka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0041-5","article-title":"Synaptic loss in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of synaptic protein and mRNA measures","volume":"24","author":"Osimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref259","first-page":"629","article-title":"Neurotransmitters in the cerebellum","volume":"149","author":"Ottersen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02293-8","article-title":"Genomic findings in schizophrenia and their implications","volume":"28","author":"Owen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01121-6","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"388","author":"Owen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/37795","article-title":"Neuregulin-\u03b2 induces expression of an NMDA-receptor subunit","volume":"390","author":"Ozaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13079-8","article-title":"Contralateral cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways reconstruction in humans in vivo: implications for reciprocal cerebro-cerebellar structural connectivity in motor and non-motor areas","volume":"7","author":"Palesi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00274","article-title":"Specific patterns of white matter alterations help distinguishing Alzheimer's and vascular dementia","volume":"12","author":"Palesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0861-2","article-title":"Contralateral cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways with prominent involvement of associative areas in humans in vivo","volume":"220","author":"Palesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(94)90022-1","article-title":"Pharmacologic characterization of [3H]dopamine and [3H]spiperone binding in mouse cerebellum","volume":"25","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-021-00193-w","article-title":"Intrinsic cerebellar functional connectivity of social cognition and theory of mind in first-episode psychosis patients","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr."},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.50","article-title":"Delta-frequency stimulation of cerebellar projections can compensate for schizophrenia-related medial frontal dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Parker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00163","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of the cerebellum in schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Parker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref270","first-page":"638","article-title":"Schizophrenia: overview and treatment options","volume":"39","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"P t."},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22804","article-title":"Impact of maternal immune activation on dendritic spine development","volume":"81","author":"Pekala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13008","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13008","article-title":"Changes in presynaptic calcium signalling accompany age-related deficits in hippocampal LTP and cognitive impairment","volume":"18","author":"Pereda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00472","article-title":"ErbB4 in laminated brain structures: a neurodevelopmental approach to schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Perez-Garcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25517-3","article-title":"Genome-wide sequencing-based identification of methylation quantitative trait loci and their role in schizophrenia risk","volume":"12","author":"Perzel Mandell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs054","article-title":"White matter development in adolescence: diffusion tensor imaging and meta-analytic results","volume":"38","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16066","article-title":"Inhibiting cholinergic signalling in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus impairs motor behaviour","author":"Pickford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.04.014","article-title":"Tolerability and feasibility of at-home remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation (RS-tDCS): single-center evidence from 6,779 sessions","volume":"15","author":"Pilloni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.03.004","article-title":"Analysis of Sp transcription factors in the postmortem brain of chronic schizophrenia: a pilot study of relationship to negative symptoms","volume":"47","author":"Pinacho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13027","article-title":"Cerebellar GABAergic correlates of cognition-mediated verbal fluency in physiology and schizophrenia","volume":"139","author":"Piras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109721","article-title":"Homologous organization of cerebellar pathways to sensory, motor, and associative forebrain","volume":"36","author":"Pisano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00113","article-title":"The cerebellum for jocks and nerds alike","volume":"8","author":"Popa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00033","article-title":"Restoring cognitive functions using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in patients with cerebellar disorders","volume":"5","author":"Pope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2012-0082","article-title":"5-HT1A receptor as a key player in the brain 5-HT system","volume":"24","author":"Popova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz145","article-title":"Cross-disorder analysis of schizophrenia and 19 immune-mediated diseases identifies shared genetic risk","volume":"28","author":"Pouget","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64828","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064828","article-title":"Gating of long-term potentiation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the cerebellum input stage","volume":"8","author":"Prestori","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.10768","article-title":"Schizophrenia: what non-psychiatrist physicians need to know","volume":"32","author":"Queir\u00f3s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Medica Port."},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1352066","article-title":"Involvement of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in synapse elimination during cerebellar development","volume":"256","author":"Rabacchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01184-0","article-title":"In vivo evidence of lower synaptic vesicle density in schizophrenia","volume":"26","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby076","article-title":"Impaired prefrontal cortical dopamine release in schizophrenia during a cognitive task: a [11C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography study","volume":"45","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.11.009","article-title":"Brain network connectivity in individuals with schizophrenia and their siblings","volume":"69","author":"Repovs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108339","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1108339","article-title":"Cerebellum and neurodevelopmental disorders: ROR\u03b1 is a unifying force","volume":"17","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020.2009.2012.20192922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04434-5","article-title":"Mapping genomic loci prioritises genes and implicates synaptic biology in schizophrenia","author":"Ripke","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2014.06.005","article-title":"Epigenetics of schizophrenia: a review","volume":"40","author":"Rivollier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.3\/trobbins","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in nondementing mental health disorders","volume":"21","author":"Robbins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20960","article-title":"Connecting the dots of the cerebro-cerebellar role in cognitive function: neuronal pathways for cerebellar modulation of dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"65","author":"Rogers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0462-2","article-title":"Reorganization of circuits underlying cerebellar modulation of prefrontal cortical dopamine in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"12","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz161","article-title":"Beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Rolls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093176","article-title":"Widespread intra- and inter-network Dysconnectivity among Large-scale resting state networks in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Rong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1333-8_38","article-title":"Serotonin and synaptic transmission in the cerebellum","volume-title":"Handbook of the cerebellum and cerebellar disorders","author":"Saitow","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.02.029","article-title":"Human stem cell-based models to study synaptic dysfunction and cognition in schizophrenia: A narrative review","author":"Santarriaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0152-6","article-title":"Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence","volume":"50","author":"Savage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24551-5_11","article-title":"The Cerebrocerebellar system","volume-title":"Essentials of cerebellum and cerebellar disorders: A primer for graduate students","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.07.005","article-title":"The cerebellum and cognition","volume":"688","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.4.561","article-title":"The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome","volume":"121","author":"Schmahmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02567-5","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia: evidence from genetic and environmental factors","volume":"130","author":"Schmitt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0017-1","article-title":"Gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits in the cerebellum of elderly patients with schizophrenia","volume":"260","author":"Schmitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac169","article-title":"Sex- and age-specific deviations in cerebellar structure and their link with symptom dimensions and clinical outcome in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"49","author":"Sefik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4707","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172200160X","article-title":"Shared and distinct white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset schizophrenia and adolescent-onset psychotic bipolar disorder","volume":"53","author":"Seitz-Holland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722003816","article-title":"Low status, humiliation, dopamine and risk of schizophrenia","volume":"53","author":"Selten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06884-x","article-title":"Cellular development and evolution of the mammalian cerebellum","volume":"625","author":"Sepp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.11.013","article-title":"Altered resting state functional connectivity in early course schizophrenia","volume":"271","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-018-9388-2","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders: a lifespan perspective","volume":"28","author":"Sheffield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000293","article-title":"\u03b16-containing GABAa receptors: functional roles and therapeutic potentials","volume":"74","author":"Sieghart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.07.004","article-title":"Insights about striatal circuit function and schizophrenia from a mouse model of dopamine D(2) receptor upregulation","volume":"81","author":"Simpson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.014","article-title":"A possible role for the striatum in the pathogenesis of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"65","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.18.030195.003011","article-title":"Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Singer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-019-01013-9","article-title":"Cerebellar Theta frequency transcranial pulsed stimulation increases frontal Theta oscillations in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050060","article-title":"Abnormal persistence of cerebellar serotonin-1A receptors in schizophrenia suggests failure to regress in neonates","volume":"105","author":"Slater","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2414","article-title":"Deficits in prefrontal cortical and Extrastriatal dopamine release in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomographic functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"72","author":"Slifstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02282-5","article-title":"Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia patients with a history and presence of auditory verbal hallucination","volume":"12","author":"Sone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.10.005","article-title":"Synaptic plasticity and Dysconnection in schizophrenia","volume":"59","author":"Stephan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23082087","article-title":"Current concepts and treatments of schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"St\u0119pnicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119125556.devpsy224","article-title":"Neuropsychological and structural neuroimaging Endophenotypes in schizophrenia. Developmental","author":"Stone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.08.022","article-title":"Increased rates of respiratory disease in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis including 619,214 individuals with schizophrenia and 52,159,551 controls","volume":"237","author":"Suetani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.12.1187","article-title":"Schizophrenia as a complex trait: evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies","volume":"60","author":"Sullivan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref326","first-page":"88","article-title":"The dopamine, glutamate, and GABA hypotheses of schizophrenia: glutamate may be the key","volume":"10","author":"Swanton","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANU Undergraduate Res. J."},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.6.514","article-title":"Brain serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor binding in schizophrenia measured by positron emission tomography and [11C]WAY-100635","volume":"59","author":"Tauscher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)00930-7","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2C\/D subunits in the adult mammalian cerebellum","volume":"283","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-007-0041-7","article-title":"Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: making sense of it all","volume":"9","author":"Toda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.12.1348","article-title":"Substantial genetic overlap between neurocognition and schizophrenia: genetic modeling in twin samples","volume":"64","author":"Toulopoulou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.06.006","article-title":"Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience","volume":"35","author":"Treadway","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2018.16.1.7","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: understanding the biological correlates and remediation strategies","volume":"16","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0285-y","article-title":"Cerebellar nicotinic cholinergic receptors are intrinsic to the cerebellum: implications for diverse functional roles","volume":"10","author":"Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2774","article-title":"Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Uhlhaas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12131","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15855","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy associates with deregulation of enzymes involved in kidney Sulphur metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Uyy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v12.i2.264","article-title":"Insights into myelin dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"Vald\u00e9s-Tovar","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-014-9248-7","article-title":"Brain networks in schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38475-9","article-title":"Glutamatergic cerebellar neurons differentially contribute to the acquisition of motor and social behaviors","volume":"14","author":"van der Heijden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00199","article-title":"tDCS of the cerebellum: where Do we stand in 2016? Technical issues and critical review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"van Dun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2122544119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122544119","article-title":"Modified climbing fiber\/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity in the cerebellum of the neonatal phencyclidine model of schizophrenia","volume":"119","author":"Veleanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.MS21078COM5","article-title":"The epidemiology and global burden of schizophrenia","volume":"84","author":"Velligan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00373.1996","article-title":"NMDA receptor antagonists impair prefrontal cortex function as assessed via spatial delayed alternation performance in rats: modulation by dopamine","volume":"16","author":"Verma","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90057-3","article-title":"Regional concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in rat brain","volume":"113","author":"Versteeg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.016","article-title":"The cerebellum, sensitive periods, and autism","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417745996","article-title":"Altered cerebellar functional connectivity in remitted bipolar disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australian New Zealand J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01560-9","article-title":"The cerebellum directly modulates the substantia nigra dopaminergic activity","volume":"27","author":"Washburn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800190080012","article-title":"Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia","volume":"44","author":"Weinberger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117556","article-title":"Fronto-cerebellar connectivity mediating cognitive processing speed","volume":"226","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.157.1.16","article-title":"Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia","volume":"157","author":"Wright","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3189-11.2012","article-title":"GABA signaling promotes synapse elimination and axon pruning in developing cortical inhibitory interneurons","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v12.i4.541","article-title":"Abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113937","article-title":"Functional connectivity of cerebellar dentate nucleus and cognitive impairments in patients with drug-naive and first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"300","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.11.022","article-title":"Nicotine modulates the facial stimulation-evoked responses in cerebellar granule cell layer in vivo in mice","volume":"843","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20221118-02428","article-title":"Abnormal changes of static and dynamic functional connectivity of dopaminergic midbrain in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their correlations with clinical symptoms","volume":"103","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103140","article-title":"Involvement of cerebellar and subcortical connector hubs in schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011001300009","article-title":"The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia: from cognition to molecular pathways","author":"Yeganeh-Doost","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref357","first-page":"47","article-title":"Anatomical association between schizophrenia and cerebellum","volume":"18","author":"Yeruva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10360","article-title":"Neocortical excitation\/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction","volume":"477","author":"Yizhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8406","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1535-22.2022","article-title":"Cerebellar contributions to the basal ganglia influence motor coordination, reward processing, and movement vigor","volume":"42","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26251","article-title":"Dysconnection and cognition in schizophrenia: a spectral dynamic causal modeling study","volume":"44","author":"Zarghami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-010-9458-2","article-title":"Association study of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene in schizophrenia and its clinical features in Chinese Han population","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0008","article-title":"The cholinergic system in the cerebellum: from structure to function","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01625-y","article-title":"Upper brainstem cholinergic neurons project to ascending and descending circuits","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"ref364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.017","article-title":"Structural and functional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study at different stages of the disease","volume":"83","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9704-0","article-title":"Altered resting-state functional connectivity of the cerebellum in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Zhuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1386583\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:46:34Z","timestamp":1715301994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1386583\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"references-count":367,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2024.1386583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1386583","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"article-number":"1386583"}}