{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:15:56Z","timestamp":1791389756923,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>White matter in the central nervous system comprises bundled nerve fibers myelinated by oligodendrocytes. White matter injury, characterized by the loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin, is common after ischemic brain injury, inflammatory demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis, and traumatic damage such as spinal cord injury. Currently, no therapies have been confirmed to promote remyelination in these diseases. Over the past decade, various reports have suggested that the anti-muscarinic drug clemastine can stimulate remyelination by oligodendrocytes. Consequently, the repurposing of clemastine as a potential treatment for a variety of neurological disorders has gained significant attention. The therapeutic effects of clemastine have been demonstrated in various animal models, and its mechanisms of action in various neurological disorders are currently being investigated. In this review, we summarize reports relating to clemastine administration for white matter injury and neurological disease and discuss the therapeutic potential of remyelination promotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1582902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T01:14:01Z","timestamp":1746580441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The potential of repurposing clemastine to promote remyelination"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Reiji","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.01.016","article-title":"Dynamics and mechanisms of CNS myelination","volume":"32","author":"Bercury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73677-6_8","article-title":"Remyelination in experimental models of toxin-induced demyelination","volume":"318","author":"Blakemore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17871-5","article-title":"Gsta4 controls apoptosis of differentiating adult oligodendrocytes during homeostasis and remyelination via the mitochondria-associated Fas-Casp8-bid-axis","volume":"11","author":"Carlstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2217635120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217635120","article-title":"MWF of the corpus callosum is a robust measure of remyelination: results from the ReBUILD trial","volume":"120","author":"Caverzasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1941-16.2016","article-title":"Creatine enhances mitochondrial-mediated oligodendrocyte survival after demyelinating injury","volume":"37","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molpha.2025.100027","article-title":"Enhancing Remyelination in multiple sclerosis via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-021-00745-1","article-title":"Chronic exposure to hypoxia inhibits myelinogenesis and causes motor coordination deficits in adult mice","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.01.001","article-title":"Clemastine rescues chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment by improving white matter integrity","volume":"484","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae029","article-title":"Prolonged myelin deficits contribute to neuron loss and functional impairments after ischaemic stroke","volume":"147","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Compston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27098","article-title":"Clemastine induces oligodendrocyte progenitor Pool exhaustion and senescence in the context of chronic demyelination in a rabbit model","volume":"97","author":"Cooper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx312","article-title":"Clemastine rescues myelination defects and promotes functional recovery in hypoxic brain injury","volume":"141","author":"Cree","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12647","article-title":"A regenerative approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"502","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000053472.41007.F9","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes and ischemic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Dewar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03465-0","article-title":"Clemastine enhances myelination, delays axonal loss and promotes functional recovery in spinal cord injury","volume":"47","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16219","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16219","article-title":"From BBB to PPP: bioenergetic requirements and challenges for oligodendrocytes in health and disease","volume":"169","author":"Fernandes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16399","article-title":"ApTOLL: A new therapeutic aptamer for cytoprotection and (re)myelination after multiple sclerosis","volume":"181","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199139","article-title":"Neuroscience. Change in the brain's white matter","volume":"330","author":"Fields","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00221.2016","article-title":"White matter and cognition: making the connection","volume":"116","author":"Filley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149257","article-title":"Clemastine enhances exercise-induced motor improvement in hypoxic ischemic rats","volume":"1846","author":"Goto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32346-2","article-title":"Clemastine fumarate as a remyelinating therapy for multiple sclerosis (ReBUILD): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"390","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826812","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.826812","article-title":"White matter alterations in depressive disorder","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-023-00345-9","article-title":"Myeloid cell-associated aromatic amino acid metabolism facilitates CNS myelin regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Regen Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2024.01.008","article-title":"Enhancing axonal myelination: Clemastine attenuates cognitive impairment in a rat model of diffuse traumatic brain injury","volume":"268","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2702","article-title":"Retinoid X receptor gamma signaling accelerates CNS remyelination","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106200","article-title":"New insights into the roles of oligodendrocytes regulation in ischemic stroke recovery","volume":"184","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619707","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.619707","article-title":"Strategies for oligodendrocyte and myelin repair in traumatic CNS injury","volume":"14","author":"Huntemer-Silveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111481","article-title":"The preferential effect of Clemastine on F3\/Contactin-1\/Notch-1 compared to Jagged-1\/Notch-1 justifies its remyelinating effect in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis in rats","volume":"128","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.060","article-title":"Multimodal enhancement of Remyelination by exercise with a pivotal role for oligodendroglial PGC1\u03b1","volume":"24","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279985","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1279985","article-title":"Insights on therapeutic potential of clemastine in neurological disorders","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53615-x","article-title":"Clemastine and metformin extend the window of NMDA receptor surface expression in ageing oligodendrocyte precursor cells","volume":"14","author":"Kamen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52679","DOI":"10.3791\/52679-v","article-title":"Experimental demyelination and remyelination of murine spinal cord by focal injection of lysolecithin","author":"Keough","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.09.24305506","article-title":"Clemastine fumarate accelerates accumulation of disability in progressive multiple sclerosis by enhancing pyroptosis","author":"Kocot","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00389-1","article-title":"Clemastine improves electrophysiologic and histomorphometric changes through promoting myelin repair in a murine model of compression neuropathy","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-015-1555-3","article-title":"Clemastine rescues behavioral changes and enhances remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37187-w","article-title":"Distinctions between the Koizumi and Zea Longa methods for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent data","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3263","article-title":"Impaired adult myelination in the prefrontal cortex of socially isolated mice","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3608-15.2016","article-title":"Clemastine enhances myelination in the prefrontal cortex and rescues behavioral changes in socially isolated mice","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24543","article-title":"Remyelination-oriented clemastine treatment attenuates neuropathies of optic nerve and retina in glaucoma","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110686","article-title":"Animal models of cerebral ischemia: A review","volume":"131","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00385.x","article-title":"The neurotoxicant, cuprizone, as a model to study demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Matsushima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3618","article-title":"Micropillar arrays as a high-throughput screening platform for therapeutics in multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Mei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8246","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18246","article-title":"Accelerated remyelination during inflammatory demyelination prevents axonal loss and improves functional recovery","volume":"5","author":"Mei","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.94.15_supplement.2868","article-title":"Quetiapine is not tolerable to people with MS in doses potentially required to enhance myelin repair (2868)","volume":"94","author":"Metz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115435","article-title":"Modulation of p38 MAPK and Nrf2\/HO-1\/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis outline the anti-neuroinflammatory and remyelinating characters of Clemastine in EAE rat model","volume":"209","author":"Motawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100913-013101","article-title":"Myelination of the nervous system: mechanisms and functions","volume":"30","author":"Nave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2018.08.013","article-title":"Axonal and neuronal degeneration in myelin diseases","volume":"139","author":"Ohno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134650","article-title":"Recent updates on mechanisms of cell-cell interaction in oligodendrocyte regeneration after white matter injury","volume":"715","author":"Ohtomo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030486","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1030486","article-title":"Heterogeneity and regulation of oligodendrocyte morphology","volume":"10","author":"Osanai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841548","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.841548","article-title":"Clemastine induces an impairment in developmental myelination","volume":"10","author":"Palma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2407974121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2407974121","article-title":"Targeting the muscarinic M1 receptor with a selective, brain-penetrant antagonist to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis","volume":"121","author":"Poon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad308","article-title":"White matter tracts and executive functions: a review of causal and correlation evidence","volume":"147","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00008-X","article-title":"The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS: utility for understanding disease pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"122","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2120-21.2022","article-title":"Cerebral Creatine deficiency affects the timing of oligodendrocyte myelination","volume":"43","author":"Rosko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.0c00626","article-title":"Discovery of PIPE-359, a brain-penetrant, selective M(1) receptor antagonist with robust efficacy in murine MOG-EAE","volume":"12","author":"Schrader","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.07.002","article-title":"Social defeat stress in adolescent mice induces depressive-like behaviors with reduced Oligodendrogenesis","volume":"443","author":"Shimizu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra033121","article-title":"Advances in H1-antihistamines","volume":"351","author":"Simons","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15959","article-title":"Fundamental neurochemistry review: microglial immunometabolism in traumatic brain injury","volume":"167","author":"Strogulski","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.049851","article-title":"Usefulness of myelin quantification using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging for predicting outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"56","author":"Toko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914153","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.914153","article-title":"Clemastine promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells through the activation of ERK1\/2 via muscarinic receptors after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0477-2","article-title":"White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group","volume":"25","author":"Van Velzen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.05.005","article-title":"White matter lesions and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.04.005","article-title":"White matter injury in ischemic stroke","volume":"141","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23986","article-title":"Quetiapine promotes oligodendroglial process outgrowth and membrane expansion by orchestrating the effects of Olig1","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.017","article-title":"Enhancing oligodendrocyte myelination rescues synaptic loss and improves functional recovery after chronic hypoxia","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002064","article-title":"Quetiapine facilitates oligodendrocyte development and prevents mice from myelin breakdown and behavioral changes","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1662-6","article-title":"Clemastine improves hypomyelination in rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by reducing microglia-derived IL-1\u03b2 via P38 signaling pathway","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2413-7","article-title":"Unconventional myosin ID is involved in Remyelination after Cuprizone-induced demyelination","volume":"43","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.24-00005","article-title":"The mouse model of internal capsule demyelination: a novel tool for investigating motor functional changes caused by demyelination and for evaluating drugs that promote Remyelination","volume":"57","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15142","article-title":"Acute motor deficit and subsequent remyelination-associated recovery following internal capsule demyelination in mice","volume":"156","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2023.105505","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment promoting remyelination enhances motor function after internal capsule demyelination in mice","volume":"164","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105116","article-title":"Potential therapeutic agents for ischemic white matter damage","volume":"149","author":"Youssef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.04.006","article-title":"Quetiapine enhances oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin repair after cuprizone-induced demyelination","volume":"138","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113904","article-title":"Drug repurposing: Clemastine fumarate and neurodegeneration","volume":"157","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1582902\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T01:14:01Z","timestamp":1746580441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1582902\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fncel.2025.1582902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2025.1582902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"article-number":"1582902"}}