{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:01:59Z","timestamp":1790128919603,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that is involved in retinal development, physiology, and vision, yet the specific contribution of individual 5-HT receptors to retinal function is poorly characterized. We identified 5-HT receptor 1B (\n                      <jats:italic>Htr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) as a potential key regulator of serotonergic signaling in the retina.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Htr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      localization was examined using RNAseq and\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      labeling. Retinal structure was assessed using histology and SD-OCT. Visual function was evaluated using optomotor behavioral experiments. Retinal function was characterized\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      using electroretinography (ERG) and\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      using multielectrode array (MEA) recordings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Htr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      transcript and HTR1B protein localized primarily to the inner retina and RGCs. While\n                      <jats:italic>Htr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice displayed normal retinal anatomy, they exhibited visual deficits in contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. ERG recordings revealed that RGCs had latency delays and reduced sensitivity to changes in light intensity. MEA analysis showed altered RGC firing patterns and increased variability following 5-HT application. These effects were cell-type specific:\n                      <jats:italic>Htr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                      ON RGCs showed elevated basal firing rates while\n                      <jats:italic>Htr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                      OFF RGCs showed reduced 5-HT responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic>Htr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      is necessary for normal retinal serotonergic signaling and contributes to the regulation of RGC excitability and visual sensitivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1690447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T06:26:23Z","timestamp":1763360783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Htr1b is necessary for normal retinal function in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Solomon E.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Polo-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Frankfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2102975118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102975118","article-title":"Identification of fluoxetine as a direct NLRP3 inhibitor to treat atrophic macular degeneration.","volume":"118","author":"Ambati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. 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