{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T04:58:53Z","timestamp":1780894733332,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are key modulators of synaptic transmission and cognitive processing within the central nervous system. These ligand-gated channels, composed of various \u03b1 and \u03b2 subunits, mediate a plethora of neuronal functions including attention, memory and executive control. The current perspective article synthesizes recent advances on the contribution of pivotal nAChRs subtypes particularly \u03b14\u03b22, \u03b17, and \u03b15-containing receptors to cortical circuit function, highlighting their relevance in health and disease. In healthy brain, nAChRs regulate excitatory-inhibitory balance and enhance cognitive mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Recent findings demonstrate that \u03b15-containing receptors exhibit selective resistance to amyloid-\u03b2 induced dysfunction, suggesting a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Integrating molecular, cellular, and behavioral evidence, we argue that receptor-subtype-specific modulation of distinct nAChRs subunits represents a promising therapeutic avenue for restoring network balance and cognitive function across neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. We further discuss the role of nicotine in brain circuits and suggest that future research should prioritize precision pharmacology and genetic profiling to identify optimal therapeutic windows and mitigate the long-term consequences of nicotine exposure on developing neural circuits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2026.1768143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T04:23:05Z","timestamp":1780892585000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new framework for nicotinic receptor-targeted therapeutic strategies in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Oudaha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team Cholinergic Modulation of Cortical Inhibitory Circuits in Health and Disease","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Causeret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex","place":["Paris, France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fani","family":"Koukouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team Cholinergic Modulation of Cortical Inhibitory Circuits in Health and Disease","place":["Paris, France"]},{"name":"GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, H\u00f4pital Sainte Anne","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107190","article-title":"Expression and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in specific neuronal populations: Focus on striatal and prefrontal circuits.","volume":"204","author":"Abbondanza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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