{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:58:57Z","timestamp":1792900737920,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":202,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The blood\u2013spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is a specialized vascular interface that preserves spinal cord homeostasis by regulating molecular and cellular trafficking between blood and neural tissue. Disruption of BSCB integrity is a critical pathological event follow-ing spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to increased permeability, inflammatory cell infil-tration, and secondary neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence indicates that BSCB breakdown is not a single event but a dynamic, time-dependent process. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for BSCB disruption after SCI in a chronological manner. Key pathological events occurring during the acute, subacute, and chronic phases are discussed, including pathological hemody-namic changes, endothelial stress responses, epigenetic regulation, inflammatory me-diators, immune cell\u2013endothelial interactions, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We further highlight endogenous protective and reparative mechanisms that emerge at later stages. A comprehensive understanding of the temporal characteristics of BSCB disruption may facilitate the development of phase-specific therapeutic strate-gies aimed at preserving barrier integrity, limiting secondary injury, and improving neurological recovery after SCI. This temporal perspective underscores the need for stage-specific interventions to preserve BSCB integrity and improve outcomes after SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2026.1805529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T05:23:55Z","timestamp":1773897835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Blood\u2013spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury: a time-dependent mechanistic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhirui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zejing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824","article-title":"Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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