{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:14:08Z","timestamp":1786115648727,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescence is a sensitive developmental period during which chronic stress can induce lasting adaptations in corticolimbic circuits involved in stress regulation, cognition, and emotional behavior. We examined the long-term behavioral, endocrine, and molecular consequences of adolescent chronic variable stress (CVS) in male and female rats, focusing on the infralimbic cortex (IL) and basolateral amygdala (BLA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were exposed to CVS during late adolescence and evaluated in adulthood after an extensive recovery period. Behavioral testing included cued fear conditioning and extinction recall, delayed spatial win-shift, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, three-chamber social behavior, and passive avoidance. HPA-axis reactivity to acute restraint was assessed. Targeted qPCR was used to measure stress-related gene expression in the IL and BLA immediately after stress or after a 5-week recovery period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent CVS did not cause generalized cognitive impairment, but instead produced selective, sex-specific effects. Females had reduced HPA responses to acute stress and mild deficits in delayed spatial win-shift performance, together with long-term IL changes in genes related to adrenergic signaling, plasticity, and GABA clearance. Males showed enhanced Morris water maze probe retention, weaker novel object discrimination, altered passive avoidance with marked inter-individual variability, and enhanced social preference. At the molecular level, males exhibited long-term upregulation of Fkbp5 in IL and downregulation of PACAP, \u03b11D adrenergic receptor, and proenkephalin in BLA, whereas females showed delayed PACAP upregulation in BLA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent CVS induces persistent, sex- and region-specific recalibration of corticolimbic function, supporting distinct patterns of vulnerability and resilience, rather than uniform stress pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2026.1876565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:24:50Z","timestamp":1785990290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adolescent stress exposure: behavioral consequences and molecular mechanisms in corticolimbic networks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Evelin M.","family":"Cotella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Functional and Systems Neuroscience, Instituto Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","place":["C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"]},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel D.","family":"Moloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parinaz","family":"Mahbod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Martelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Morano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Packard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, University of Cincinnati","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center","place":["Cincinnati, OH, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.01.004","article-title":"Stress, sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescent depression.","volume":"31","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.316","article-title":"Enkephalin knockdown in the basolateral amygdala reproduces vulnerable anxiety-like responses to chronic unpredictable stress.","volume":"39","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.205","article-title":"Object recognition in rats and mice: A one-trial non-matching-to-sample learning task to study \u201crecognition memory.\u201d.","volume":"1","author":"Bevins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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