{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T14:45:44Z","timestamp":1770561944424,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Neural Circuits"],"DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]],"date-time":"2014-04-28T13:30:00Z","timestamp":1398691800000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Origin and neurochemical properties of bulbospinal neurons projecting to the rat lumbar spinal cord via the medial longitudinal fasciculus and caudal ventrolateral medulla"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zilli","family":"Huma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Du Beau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00213603","article-title":"A direct projection from the medial vestibular nucleus to the cervical spinal dorsal horn of the rat, as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde tracing","volume":"185","author":"Bankoul","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02973.x","article-title":"Networks of inhibitory and excitatory commissural interneurons mediating crossed reticulospinal actions","volume":"18","author":"Bannatyne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901780203","article-title":"Three bulbospinal pathways from the rostral medulla of the cat: an autoradiographic study of pain modulating systems","volume":"178","author":"Basbaum","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901870304","article-title":"The origin of descending pathways in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord of the cat and rat: further studies on the anatomy of pain modulation","volume":"187","author":"Basbaum","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)91092-1","article-title":"Origins of serotonergic projections to the spinal cord in rat: an immunocytochemical-retrograde transport study","volume":"226","author":"Bowker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1950.13.6.431","article-title":"Termination of spinal afferents to inferior olive in cat","volume":"13","author":"Brodal","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90923-5","article-title":"Retrograde double labeling of neurons: the combined use of horseradish peroxidase and diamidino yellow dihydrochloride (DY X 2HCl) compared with true blue and DY X 2HCl in rat descending brainstem pathways","volume":"308","author":"Cavada","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00020-Q","article-title":"Evidence that cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) can be avidly taken up and transported by fibers of passage","volume":"674","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B8a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22717","article-title":"Characterization of last-order premotor interneurons by transneuronal tracing with rabies virus in the neonatal mouse spinal cord","volume":"519","author":"Coulon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)43025-2","article-title":"Cortical and brainstem control of locomotion","volume":"143","author":"Drew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.09.037","article-title":"Neurotransmitter phenotypes of descending systems in the rat lumbar spinal cord","volume":"227","author":"Du Beau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(88)90167-7","article-title":"Tracing of neuronal connections with cholera toxin subunit B: light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"24","author":"Ericson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229029","article-title":"Disynaptic excitation from the medial longitudinal fasciculus to lumbosacral motoneurons: modulation by repetitive activation, descending pathways, and locomotion","volume":"92","author":"Floeter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4859-09.2010","article-title":"Bilateral postsynaptic actions of pyramidal tract and reticulospinal neurons on feline erector spinae motoneurons","volume":"30","author":"Galea","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231787","article-title":"Disynaptic vestibulospinal and reticulospinal excitation in cat lumbosacral motoneurons: modulation during fictive locomotion","volume":"109","author":"Gossard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03088-2","article-title":"The intrinsic function of a motor system\u00e2\u20ac\u201cfrom ion channels to networks and behavior","volume":"886","author":"Grillner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1968.tb04236.x","article-title":"The origin of a descending pathway with monosynaptic action on flexor motoneurones","volume":"74","author":"Grillner","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(76)90072-1","article-title":"Spinal projections from the nucleus locus coeruleus and nucleus subcoeruleus in the cat and monkey as demonstrated by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase","volume":"1","author":"Hancock","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199801)250:195::AID-AR93.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Projections of the caudal ventrolateral medulla to the thoracic spinal cord in the rat","volume":"250","author":"Hardy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anat. Rec"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10420","article-title":"Origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the central extended amygdala and accumbens shell: a combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study in the rat","volume":"454","author":"Hasue","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61864-6","article-title":"The ventro-medial medullary projections to spinal motoneurons: ultrastructure, transmitters and functional aspects","volume":"107","author":"Holstege","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35293","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035293","article-title":"Distribution of glycine\/GABA neurons in the ventromedial medulla with descending spinal projections and evidence for an ascending glycine\/GABA projection","volume":"7","author":"Hossaini","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90153-0","article-title":"Quantitative differences in collateralization of the descending spinal pathways from red nucleus and other brain stem cell groups in rat as demonstrated with the multiple fluorescent retrograde tracer technique","volume":"209","author":"Huisman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.06.022","article-title":"Spinal interneuronal networks in the cat: elementary components","volume":"57","author":"Jankowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02973","article-title":"Neuronal basis of crossed actions from the reticular formation on feline hindlimb motoneurons","volume":"23","author":"Jankowska","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"235","article-title":"On coupling and decoupling of spinal interneuronal networks","volume":"145","author":"Jankowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902420105","article-title":"The efferent projections from the reticular formation and the locus coeruleus studied by anterograde and retrograde axonal transport in the rat","volume":"242","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.07.019","article-title":"Descending command systems for the initiation of locomotion in mammals","volume":"57","author":"Jordan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev"},{"key":"B28a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011743","article-title":"The use of PRV-Bartha to define premotor inputs to lumbar motoneurons in the neonatal spinal cord of the mouse","volume":"5","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(78)90172-3","article-title":"A study of the origin of brain stem projections to monkey spinal cord using the retrograde transport method","volume":"60","author":"Kneisley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(75)90004-X","article-title":"Retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase from spinal cord to brain stem cell groups in the cat","volume":"1","author":"Kuypers","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90141-X","article-title":"Funicular trajectories of descending brain stem pathways in cat","volume":"136","author":"Kuypers","year":"1977","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902280103","article-title":"Localizing spinal-cord-projecting neurons in adult albino rats","volume":"228","author":"Leong","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901810211","article-title":"Nuclei of the solitary tract: efferent projections to the lower brain stem and spinal cord of the cat","volume":"181","author":"Loewy","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901870208","article-title":"Spinal projections from the mesencephalic and pontine reticular formation in the North American Opossum: a study using axonal transport techniques","volume":"187","author":"Martin","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238963","article-title":"Spinal projections of the gigantocellular reticular formation in the rat. Evidence for projections from different areas to laminae I and II and lamina IX","volume":"58","author":"Martin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(93)90024-K","article-title":"Termination mode and branching patterns of reticuloreticular and reticulospinal fibers of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis in the cat: an anterograde PHA-L tracing study","volume":"17","author":"Matsuyama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990802)410:3<413::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Morphology of single pontine reticulospinal axons in the lumbar enlargement of the cat: a study using the anterograde tracer PHA-L","volume":"410","author":"Matsuyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)43024-0","article-title":"Locomotor role of the corticoreticular-reticulospinal-spinal interneuronal system","volume":"143","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902680406","article-title":"Descending projections from the gigantocellular tegmental field in the cat: cells of origin and their brainstem and spinal cord trajectories","volume":"268","author":"Mitani","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901240107","article-title":"Sites and mode of termination of reticulo-spinal fibers in the cat. An experimental study with silver impregnation methods","volume":"124","author":"Nyberg-Hansen","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B41","volume-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. 5th Edn","author":"Paxinos","year":"2005"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238019","article-title":"Patterns of projection and braching of reticulospinal neurons","volume":"23","author":"Peterson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.10.025","article-title":"Reticulospinal pathways in the ventrolateral funiculus with terminations in the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the adult rat spinal cord","volume":"151","author":"Reed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4993","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3720-08.2009","article-title":"Direct and indirect connections with upper limb motoneurons from the primate reticulospinal tract","volume":"29","author":"Riddle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902690302","article-title":"Medullary and spinal efferents of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and adjacent mesopontine tegmentum in the rat","volume":"269","author":"Rye","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2002.127775","article-title":"The caudal ventrolateral medulla as an important inhibitory modulator of pain transmission in the spinal cord","volume":"3","author":"Tavares","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902250110","article-title":"Observations on the brainstem-spinal descending systems of normal and reeler mutant mice by the retrograde HRP method","volume":"225","author":"Terashima","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091280110","article-title":"The origin of reticulospinal fibers in the cat; an experimental study","volume":"128","author":"Torvik","year":"1957","journal-title":"Anat. Rec"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10538","article-title":"Motor antagonism exposed by spatial segregation and timing of neurogenesis","volume":"479","author":"Tripodi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2005.08.003","article-title":"The organization of the brainstem and spinal cord of the mouse: relationships between monoaminergic, cholinergic, and spinal projection systems","volume":"31","author":"VanderHorst","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(67)90168-9","article-title":"The effect of pyramidal lesions on the performance of a conditioned avoidance response in cats","volume":"19","author":"Voneida","year":"1967","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90757-1","article-title":"Ascending and descending projections from nucleus reticularis magnocellularis and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis: an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase study in the rat","volume":"292","author":"Zemlan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neural Circuits"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T23:15:14Z","timestamp":1565392514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fncir.2014.00040\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncir.2014.00040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]]}}}