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Neural Circuits"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systemic nicotine enhances neural processing in primary auditory cortex (A1) as determined using tone-evoked, current-source density (CSD) measurements. For example, nicotine enhances the characteristic frequency (CF)-evoked current sink in layer 4 of A1, increasing amplitude and decreasing latency. However, since presenting auditory stimuli within a stream of stimuli increases the complexity of response dynamics, we sought to determine the effects of nicotine on CSD responses to trains of CF stimuli (one-second trains at 2\u201340 Hz; each train repeated 25 times). CSD recordings were obtained using a 16-channel multiprobe inserted in A1 of urethane\/xylazine-anesthetized mice, and analysis focused on two current sinks in the middle (layer 4) and deep (layers 5\/6) layers. CF trains produced adaptation of the layer 4 response that was weak at 2 Hz, stronger at 5\u201310 Hz and complete at 20\u201340 Hz. In contrast, the layer 5\/6 current sink exhibited less adaptation at 2\u201310 Hz, and simultaneously recorded auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) showed no adaptation even at 40 Hz. Systemic nicotine (2.1 mg\/kg) enhanced layer 4 responses throughout the one-second stimulus train at rates \u226410 Hz. Nicotine enhanced both response amplitude within each train and the consistency of response timing across 25 trials. Nicotine did not alter the degree of adaptation over one-second trials, but its effect to increase amplitudes revealed a novel, slower form of adaptation that developed over multiple trials. Nicotine did not affect responses that were fully adapted (20\u201340 Hz trains), nor did nicotine affect any aspect of the layer 5\/6 current sink or ABRs. The overall effect of nicotine in layer 4 was to enhance all responses within each train, to emphasize earlier trials across multiple trials, and to improve the consistency of timing across all trials. These effects may improve processing of complex acoustic streams, including speech, that contain information in the 2\u201310 Hz range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.597401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T16:58:51Z","timestamp":1613840331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nicotine Enhances Amplitude and Consistency of Timing of Responses to Acoustic Trains in A1"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Irakli","family":"Intskirveli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raju","family":"Metherate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2008","article-title":"Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function.","volume":"89","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. 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