{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:20:15Z","timestamp":1787862015705,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neural Circuits"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> This study aims to explore the efficacy of cerebellar intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on upper limb spasticity in subacute stroke patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 32 patients with upper limb spasticity were enrolled and randomly assigned to treatment with cerebellar iTBS or sham stimulation before conventional physical therapy daily for 2 weeks. The primary outcomes included the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the modified Tardieu scale (MTS), and the shear wave velocity (SWV). The secondary outcomes were the <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>-maximum wave\/<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>-maximum wave amplitude ratio (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> ratio), motor-evoked potential (MEP) latency and amplitude, central motor conduction time (CMCT), and the Barthel Index (BI). All outcomes were evaluated at baseline and after 10 sessions of intervention.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> After the intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in the MAS, MTS, SWV, and BI. In addition, patients treated with cerebellar iTBS had a significant increase in MEP amplitude, and patients treated with sham stimulation had a significant decrease in <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> ratio. Compared with the sham stimulation group, the MAS, MTS, and SWV decreased more in the cerebellar iTBS group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Cerebellar iTBS is a promising adjuvant tool to reinforce the therapeutic effect of conventional physical therapy in upper limb spasticity management after subacute stroke (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900026516).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.655502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T04:34:07Z","timestamp":1635309247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Cerebellar Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation Reduces Upper Limb Spasticity After Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Chuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Juan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Yi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Xin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi-Fan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182850e17","article-title":"Acute effect of static stretching on hardness of the gastrocnemius muscle","volume":"45","author":"Akagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. 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