{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:42:56Z","timestamp":1789843376559,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017908","name":"ALSAM Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neural Circuits"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) accounts for 20% of mortality in those with recurrent seizures. While risk factors, monitoring systems, and standard practices are in place, the pathophysiology of SUDEP is still not well understood. Better knowledge of SUDEP and its potential mechanisms of action is crucial to reducing risk in this patient population and developing potential treatment options. Clinical studies and animal models of SUDEP suggest that diminished post-ictal respiratory control may be the dominant mechanism contributing to mortality. Recently, it was demonstrated that the depletion of the neuropeptide galanin in the amygdala occurs in human SUDEP. The amygdala plays a key role in the central integration of respiratory signaling; the depletion of galanin may represent a critical change that predisposes individuals to SUDEP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of enhancing galaninergic signaling to potentially protect against SUDEP, we studied seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA) following central (intracerebroventricular, intra-amygdala) and systemic (intraperitoneal, subcutaneous) administration of galanin analogs. Seizure na\u00efve and seizure experienced (fully kindled) mice were tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Central and systemically administered galanin analogs protect against S-IRA in na\u00efve C57Bl\/6J mice. Differential efficacy between receptor subtype-selective analogs varied based on the route of administration. Sub-chronic systemic administration at doses that reduced 6 Hz seizures also protected against S-IRA. Acute treatment benefits also extended to fully kindled mice experiencing tonic extension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data demonstrate that galanin analogs may be protective against post-ictal respiratory collapse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2022.901334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T06:34:25Z","timestamp":1660631665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Galanin analogs prevent mortality from seizure-induced respiratory arrest in mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ryley","family":"Collard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam C.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Cutshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evalien","family":"Duyvesteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron S.","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(01)00302-3","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model of partial epilepsy.","volume":"47","author":"Barton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2003.08.001","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of glutamate receptor modulators in the 6 Hz and maximal electroshock seizure models.","volume":"56","author":"Barton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.09.001","article-title":"Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Tenth Eilat Conference (EILAT X).","volume":"92","author":"Bialer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.10.001","article-title":"Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Eleventh Eilat Conference (EILAT XI).","volume":"103","author":"Bialer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.01.001","article-title":"Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Twelfth Eilat Conference (EILAT XII).","volume":"111","author":"Bialer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13634","article-title":"Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Thirteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XIII).","volume":"58","author":"Bialer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.02.002","article-title":"Impaired CO2-Induced Arousal in SIDS and SUDEP.","volume":"42","author":"Buchanan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8038","DOI":"10.1021\/jm801088x","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and characterization of high-affinity, systemically-active galanin analogues with potent anticonvulsant activities.","volume":"51","author":"Bulaj","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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