{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:47:31Z","timestamp":1790390851786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nephrol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is a global epidemic that has a complicated pathogenesis as well as impact on the outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this review, the prevalence of obesity in incident PD patients as well as the phenomenon of new-onset glucose intolerance after PD will be reviewed. Published literature on the effect of obesity on the survival and incidence of cardiovascular disease in PD patients will be discussed. Particular emphasis would be put on literature that compared the impact of obesity on the outcome of hemodialysis and PD, and the confounding effect of dialysis adequacy. Next, the complex concept of obesity and its relevance for PD will be explored. The focus would be put on the methods of assessment and clinical relevance of central versus general obesity, as well as visceral versus subcutaneous adipose tissue. The relation between obesity and systemic inflammation, as well as the biological role of several selected adipokines will be reviewed. The confounding effects of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance will be discussed, followed by the prevalence and prognostic impact of weight gain during the first few years of PD. The differences between weight gain due to fluid overload and accumulation of adipose tissue will be discussed, followed by the current literature on the change in body composition after patients are put on chronic PD. The methods of body composition will be reviewed, and the clinical relevance of individual body component (fluid, fat, muscle, and bone) will be discussed. The review will conclude by highlighting current gaps of knowledge and further research directions in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2022.880097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T06:26:07Z","timestamp":1656397567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Obesity, Weight Gain, and Fluid Overload in Peritoneal Dialysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jack Kit-Chung","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Win Hlaing","family":"Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheuk Chun","family":"Szeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010112","article-title":"The Current State of Peritoneal Dialysis","volume":"27","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkjn.2013.03.005","article-title":"Hong Kong Renal Registry Report 2012","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hong Kong J Nephrol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080902900306","article-title":"Peritonitis is Still the Achilles' Heel of Peritoneal Dialysis","volume":"29","author":"Mactier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.14631218","article-title":"Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis","volume":"14","author":"Szeto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0315-4","article-title":"The Current and Future Landscape of Dialysis","volume":"16","author":"Himmelfarb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2014.00279","article-title":"And Metabolic Guidelines in Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Part I - Assessment and Management of Various Cardiovascular Risk Factors","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31821c7c64","article-title":"American Heart Association Committee on Atherosclerosis Hypertension and Obesity in Youth of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. 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