{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:51:53Z","timestamp":1788911513923,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nephrol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver transplant recipients may have pre-formed anti-HLA antibodies directed to mismatched HLA of the liver donor (donor specific antibodies, DSA) or not directed to the liver donor (non-donor specific, non-DSA). We observed the fate of these antibodies (DSA and non-DSA) at 12 months after transplant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients transplanted between 4\/2015 and 12\/2018 (N = 216) who had anti-HLA antibody measurements at both transplant and 12 months posttransplant (N = 124) and with DSAs at transplant (N = 31) were considered informative for a paired analysis of the natural history of DSA and non-DSA following liver transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Class I DSAs and non-DSAs decreased between transplant and 12 months; however, Class I DSAs essentially disappeared by 12 months while Class I non-DSAs did not. Anti-HLA Class II DSAs performed differently. While there was a significant drop in values between transplant and 12 months, these antibodies mostly persisted at a low level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study demonstrated a significant difference in the kinetics of DSA compared to non-DSA following liver transplantation, most profoundly for anti-HLA Class I antibodies. Class I DSAs were mostly absent at 12 months while Class II DSAs persisted, although at lower levels. The mechanisms of reduction in anti-HLA antibodies following liver transplantation are not completely understood and were not pursued as a part of this study. This detailed analysis of Class I and Class II DSAs and non-DSAs represents and important study to explore the change in antibodies at one year from liver transplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2024.1403096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T05:10:20Z","timestamp":1718169020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The fate of anti-HLA antibodies following liver transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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