{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:05:42Z","timestamp":1753891542753,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nephrol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to describe the outcome of levamisole (LEVA) treatment in children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. Children aged 1\u201318 years diagnosed with FRNS were included. LEVA was started with a dose of 2\u20132.5 mg\/kg every other day for 2 years along with low-dose prednisolone in the first year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 70 children with FRNS were enrolled in the study. The median age was 7.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 5.0\u20139.6 years] with a slight predominance of boys (42, 60%). The mean number of relapses and cumulative dose of steroids significantly decreased after 2 years of LEVA therapy and during the 1-year follow-up. LEVA non-response was observed in half of the studied participants (28, 46%). The responders and non-responders were comparable in terms of cumulative dose of steroids and number of relapses in the year prior to starting LEVA [5,242 \u00b1 1,738 versus 4,910 \u00b1 1,469 (p-value = 0.52) and 5.4 \u00b1 2.4 versus 5.2 \u00b1 2.1 (p-value = 0.85)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LEVA therapy resulted in a substantial reduction in the frequency of relapses and cumulative dosage, indicating its potential as an alternative option for children with relapsing disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2025.1539776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T17:08:23Z","timestamp":1742576903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-term outcome of levamisole in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: a single-center prospective cohort 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