{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:08:35Z","timestamp":1780553315451,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nephrol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among patients undergoing hemodialysis and to evaluate its burden on quality of life (QoL), as well as its relationship with knowledge regarding end-stage renal disease (ESRD), RLS, and hemodialysis (HD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2025, a descriptive correlation study was used. A purposive sample of (75) patients was recruited from the hemodialysis unit of Banha University Hospital in Qalyubia, Egypt. Self-administered questionnaires included: 1) socio-demographic characteristics; 2) a questionnaire assessing patient\u2019s knowledge regarding ESRD, RLS, and HD; 3) the International Restless Legs Syndrome study group (IRLSSG) rating scale; and 4) A Quality of life (QoL) scale. Statistical analysis was analyzed using SPSS version 27.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 75 patients were included, with a mean age of 47.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.2 years; Of them, 65.3% were males, and 56% had been on dialysis for 5\u201310 years. Overall, 62.7% of the studied patients had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding ESRD and RLS in the setting of hemodialysis. Regarding RLS severity, 10.7% had mild, 28.0% had moderate, 42.7% had severe, and 18.6% had very severe RLS. Overall, 48.0% of participants had poor total QoL. Overall RLS severity and QoL showed a statistically significant inverse association (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Overall RLS severity and QoL showed an inverse association with high statistical significance (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In addition, overall knowledge was inversely associated with overall RLS severity, though this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.056). However, QoL showed a statistically significant direct association with the overall level of knowledge (p &amp;lt; 0.029). Regarding QoL subdimensions, 52.0%, 54.7%, 49.3%, and 37.3% of patients reported poor QoL across the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains, respectively. Overall, 48.0% of participants had poor total QoL, 37.3% had average QoL, and 14.7% had good QoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the investigated patients, QoL showed a negative association with overall RLS severity with high statistical significance. Moreover, overall knowledge was negatively and meaningfully associated with overall RLS severity. However, QoL was meaningfully and positively associated with the overall level of knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2026.1850856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1780551602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severity of restless leg syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis: assessing its burden on quality of life and knowledge"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Esraa Samir","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan Said","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Mostafa","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022","volume":"12","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(25)00198-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of kidney failure with replacement therapy and associated aetiologies, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","volume":"13","author":"Rafferty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00570-3","article-title":"An update on the global disparities in kidney disease burden and care across world countries and regions","volume":"12","author":"Bello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000514550","article-title":"Global epidemiology of end-stage kidney disease and disparities in kidney replacement therapy","volume":"52","author":"Thurlow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Peculiarities of kidney diseases\u2019treatments: home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: ternopil; 2022\n          \n          \n            \n              Mastov\n              E"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.11108","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: an overview of pathophysiology, comorbidities and therapeutic approaches","volume":"23","author":"Vlasie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00311-z","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Manconi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.06.006","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"35","author":"Novak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030861","article-title":"Electronic patient-reported outcomes in nephrology: focus on hemodialysis","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e9rez-Morales","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12020177","article-title":"Artificial kidney engineering: the development of dialysis membranes for blood purification","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2331613","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on psychological distress and health-related quality of life among patients with maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renal Fail"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2024.01.001","article-title":"US renal data system 2023 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States","volume":"83","author":"Johansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315529","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Abuhay","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jesnt.jesnt_21_23","article-title":"Renal registry for chronic kidney disease patients in Egypt: causes and comorbidities, data from a private clinic in an urban area","volume":"24","author":"Gawad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Nephrol Transplant"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2025.06.015","article-title":"Progressive muscle relaxation versus manual lymphatic drainage on restless leg syndrome and sleep quality in hemodialysis patients: randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Elfahl","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Bodyw Movem Therap"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.12.472","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on restless legs syndrome, depression, sleep quality, and fatigue among hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03835-0","article-title":"Better health-related quality of life is associated with prolonged survival and reduced hospitalization risk among dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients: a historical cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Rincon Bello","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15218\/ejnm.2021.01","article-title":"Dialysis-related factors affecting activities of daily living in patients on hemodialysis in Erbil City","volume":"4","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Erbil J Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-021-00743-0","article-title":"Comparison of the health-related quality of life of end stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis management in Uganda","volume":"20","author":"Bagasha","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Palliative Care"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2020.100205","article-title":"Impact of an educational program on knowledge and quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Khartoum state","volume":"12","author":"Fadlalmola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Afr Nurs Sci"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Factors affecting quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis program in gaza strip","volume":"13","author":"El Kass","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Car Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47836\/mjmhs.21.s3.24","article-title":"The relationship between restless leg syndrome, sleep quality and quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"21","author":"Fauzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Malaysian J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.21608\/EJHC.2023.286161","article-title":"Effect of educational guidelines on knowledge, health care practices and dependency level for patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"14","author":"Kameel Zatton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt J Health Care"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(02)00258-7","article-title":"Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome","volume":"4","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.7.4.209","article-title":"The SF36 as an outcome measure of services for end stage renal failure","volume":"7","author":"Wight","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/asnj.2025.336528.1951","article-title":"Effect of application of cool dialysate on controlling hypotension and restless leg syndrome among patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"13","author":"Abo-El Fadl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Assiut Sci Nurs J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101795","article-title":"The relationship between serum selenium levels and restless leg syndrome in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"59","author":"Tutan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.21804\/28-1-7078","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania","volume":"28","author":"Ruggajo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Afr J Nephrol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/EJHC.2022.254818","article-title":"Quality of life among patients with hemodialysis","volume":"13","author":"Yehia Mohammed Elsodany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt J Health Care"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2020.9.25271","article-title":"Psychosocial predictors of quality of life among chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"41","author":"Alosaimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/mmj.mmj_395_18","article-title":"Prevalence and etiology of end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"33","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Menoufia Med J"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjkdt.sjkdt_351_22","article-title":"Adherence of hemodialysis patients to fluid, diet, medications, and hemodialysis sessions, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"34","author":"Al-Khattabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jbm.2019.78009","article-title":"Awareness of chronic kidney disease among patients attending tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Jahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biosci Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121241264444","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 knowledge toward hemodialysis vascular access devices: a cross-sectional study in Palestine","volume":"12","author":"Abu El-Kass","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.32598\/JNRCP.2405.1103","article-title":"Nutritional knowledge and related factors among hemodialysis patients: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Taheri Hatkehlouei","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Nurs Rep Clin Pract"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jtsm.galenos.2023.78908","article-title":"The level of knowledge about restless legs syndrome in the population that apply to primary health care services","volume":"25","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parkinson\u2019s Dis Movem Disord"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/22130683251337329","article-title":"Perception of exercise benefits and barriers in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis in a tertiary care hospital\u2013a cross-sectional study","volume":"46","author":"Verma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiother Pract Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59122072","article-title":"Assessment of public knowledge about chronic kidney disease and factors influencing knowledge levels: a cross-sectional study","volume":"59","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2022.249361","article-title":"Effects of progressive muscle relaxation technique on severity of restless legs syndrome among patients on maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"13","author":"Mohammed Syam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt J Health Care"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05701-w","article-title":"Association of quality of life, anxiety, and depression with restless leg syndrome in the hemodialysis patients","volume":"14","author":"Yaseen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2022.235596","article-title":"Effect of hemodialysis long life program on the quality of life of patients with end stage renal disease","volume":"13","author":"Tayea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt J Health Care"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.16966\/2380-5498.183","article-title":"Quality of life among end stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in the National Kidney and Transplant Institute","volume":"5","author":"Depaynos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol Kidney Fail"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08980101221083422","article-title":"Spiritual wellbeing and quality of life among hemodialysis patients in Jordan: a cross-sectional correlational study","volume":"41","author":"Musa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Holistic Nurs"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1989-y","article-title":"The impact of education on knowledge, adherence and quality of life among patients on haemodialysis","volume":"28","author":"Alikari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneph.2026.1850856\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:40:06Z","timestamp":1780551606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneph.2026.1850856\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneph.2026.1850856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneph.2026.1850856","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-0626"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-0626","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"article-number":"1850856"}}